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Translation Comparisons

Ever since the confusion of tongues at Babel, translation has been a necessary part of communication. Truly understanding the writings of other peoples and cultures is difficult work, and scholars have spent millenia refining their skills. While in recent years, AI seems to making parts of this easier, we're not quite ready to trust it—especially for literature, considering the nuances required.

The Bible is certainly the most commonly translated book in the world, with dozens of English translations alone, but editions in most of the world's languages also. For a project of such immensity and importance, modern translations usually involve a panel of scholars and linguists. But it wasn't always that way. Although the Septuagint (the Greek Old Testament) was crafted by dozens of scholars in the 2nd & 3rd centuries, around 382 A.D., St. Jerome first reworked the Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek into Latin, crafting the Vulgate, which was the standard translation of the Roman Catholic Church for a thousand years. Later, as churchmen desired to hear the word in their own tongues, men like John Wycliffe (England, 1382), Martin Luther (Germany, 1522-34 ), William Tyndale (England, 1525-35), and Miles Coverdale (also England, 1535) did the work to translate the Scriptures into the common tongues of their period. That work continues today and has resulted in many favorite versions over the years: the KJV, NASB, NKJV, ESV, NIV, RSV...just to name a few.

This probably seems like an unnecessary tangent in an introduction to literature comparisons, but there is a point. When studying English translations, scholars often use what is called an interlinear Bible, which intersperses lines of original language with lines of the language of which they are more accustomed. Going further, some people use a parallel Bible, which allows them to compare multiple versions of the same text side-by-side. These Classic Comparison pages are an attempt to offer you the same thing for passages of classic lit. Almost all of these pages have two parts: 1) the introduction, which will give some background on the book and summarize the major differences between editions, and 2) the parallel comparison page, which usually will offer 3-6 passages from all the translators we could feasibly add (we continue to update as we can). While that might be extreme thing to attempt for full novels, we think it's really helpful for getting the flavor of translations. 

Please let us know if you have questions, or would like to suggest other translations! 

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Active Filters: 4th grade (Ages 9-10), Hardcover
Adventures of Pinocchio
Illustrated Junior Library Series 3
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M.A. Murray and illustrated by Fritz Kredel
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 3rd-8th grade
in Fantasy Fiction (Location: FIC-FAN)
Adventures of Pinocchio
Illustrated Junior Library Series 1
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M.A. Murray and illustrated by Fritz Kredel
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 3rd-8th grade
in Illustrated Junior Library (Location: VIN-FIC)
Adventures of Pinocchio
Illustrated Junior Library Series 2
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M.A. Murray and illustrated by Fritz Kredel
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 3rd-8th grade
in Illustrated Junior Library (Location: VIN-FIC)
Adventures of Pinocchio
Illustrated Junior Library Series 4
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M.A. Murray and illustrated by ??
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 3rd-8th grade
in Fantasy Fiction (Location: FIC-FAN)
Adventures of Pinocchio
Illustrated Junior Library Series 2
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M.A. Murray and illustrated by Fritz Kredel
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 3rd-8th grade
in Illustrated Junior Library (Location: VIN-FIC)
Adventures of Pinocchio
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M.A. Murray and illustrated by Charles Folkard
from David McKay Company
for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Adventures of Pinocchio
by Carlo Collodi, illustrated by Robert Ingpen
from Sterling Publishing Co.
for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Adventures of Pinocchio
Travel and Adventure Library for Young Folks
by Carlo Collodi, translated and adapted by Angelo Patri and illustrated by Mary Liddell
from Doubleday, Doran & Company Inc.
Fantasy for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Beowulf (retold)
by Rosemary Sutcliff
from E.P. Dutton & Co.
for 4th-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Beowulf (retold)
by Michael Morpurgo
from Candlewick Press
for 3rd-8th grade
$7.64 $4.00 (1 in stock)
Beowulf: A Hero's Tale Retold
by James Rumford
from Houghton Mifflin
for 4th-6th grade
Canterbury Tales
by Barbara Cohen & Trina Schart Hyman
from William Morrow & Company
Medieval Literature for 3rd-6th grade
in Action & Adventure Stories (Location: FIC-ADV)
Castle of Ladies
by Constance Hieatt, illustrated by Norman Laliberté
from Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
for 2nd-6th grade
in Vintage Picture Books (Location: VIN-PIC)
Don Quixote and Sancho Panza
by Miguel Cervantes, adapted by Margaret Hodges and illustrated by Stephen Marchesi
from Charles Scribner's Sons
for 2nd-4th grade
in Classics Retold (Location: FIC-RET)
Don Quixote and the Windmills
by Miguel Cervantes, retold by Eric Kimmel, illustrated by Leonard Everett Fisher
from Farrar, Straus and Giroux
for 2nd-4th grade
in Picture Books (Location: PICTURE)
Don Quixote of the Mancha (retold)
by Miguel de Cervantes, retold by Judge Parry and illustrated by Walter Crane
from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
for 4th-8th grade
ECL: Pinocchio
Educator Classic Library #3
by Carlo Collodi, translated by Joseph Walker and illustrated by William Dempster
Complete and Unabridged Edition from Classic Press
in Educator Classic Library (Location: VIN-ECL)
Eyewitness Classics: 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (adapted & annotated)
by Jules Verne, illustrated by Paul Wright
from DK Publishing
for 4th-6th grade
in Science Fiction (Location: FIC-SCI)
Eyewitness Classics: Odyssey (adapted & annotated)
by Homer
1st edition from DK Children
for 3rd-8th grade
in Adapted or Abridged (Location: SER-ABR)
Gilgamesh the Hero
by Geraldine McCaughrean
from Eerdmans
for 4th-8th grade
$17.00 $9.60 (1 in stock)
Heidi
Illustrated Junior Library Series 4
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen B. Dole and illustrated by William Sharp
from Grosset & Dunlap
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
A Golden Classic
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen Dole and illustrated by Judith Cheng
from Golden Books
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
Sterling Classics
by Johanna Spyri, illustrated by Scott McKowen
from Sterling Publishing Co.
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, illustrated by Frances Brundage
1930s? from Saalfield Publishing Co.
for 3rd-7th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, illustrated by Donna Pacinelli
from Unicorn Publishing House
for 4th-7th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by M. Rosenbaum and illustrated by June Goldsborough
from Golden Books
for 4th-8th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, illustrated by Sergio Leone
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 3rd-8th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
Macmillan Classics
by Johanna Spyri, illustrated by Greta Elgaard
from Macmillan
for 4th-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Louise Brooks and illustrated by Roberta MacDonald
from Junior Deluxe Editions
for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Marian Edwardes and illustrated by Janet Good
from Longmeadow Press
for 4th-8th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen Dole (no illustrator)
from Grosset & Dunlap
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Marian Edwardes and illustrated by Jessie Willcox Smith
from Dilithium Press, Ltd.
Realistic Fiction for 3rd-6th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
Illustrated Junior Library Series 3
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen B. Dole and illustrated by William Sharp
from Grosset & Dunlap
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Illustrated Junior Library (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen B. Dole & illustrated by Tomi Ungerer
from Delacorte Press
Realistic Fiction for 3rd-6th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen B. Dole & illustrated by Ruth Sanderson
from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Realistic Fiction for 3rd-6th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
Illustrated Junior Library Series 2
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen B. Dole and illustrated by William Sharp
from Grosset & Dunlap
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Shirley Watkins
from Macrae-Smith Company
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Marian Edwardes and illustrated by Jessie Willcox Smith
from Longmeadow Press
Realistic Fiction for 3rd-6th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
Whitman Classics
by Johanna Spyri, illustrated by Eleanor Mill (unknown translator)
from Western Publishing
for 3rd-6th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
Heidi
Windermere Series 4
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Philip Schuyler Allen and illustrated by Maginel Wright Enright
1938 edition from Rand McNally
for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
A Golden Classic
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen Dole
from Grosset & Dunlap
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen B. Dole and illustrated by William Sharp
from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
$17.00
Heidi
Rainbow Classics
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Marian Edwards and illustrated by Leonard Weisgard
1st Printing from World Publishing Company
for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, illustrated by Clara M. Burd
from John C. Winston
for 1st-4th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
A Golden Classic
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Helen Dole, illustrated by Edna Cook Shoemaker & Pelagie Doane
from Grosset & Dunlap
Realistic Fiction for 4th-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Marian Edwardes with uncredited illustrator
from J. G. Ferguson Publishing Co.
for 4th-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
Windermere Readers #3
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Philip Schuyler Allen and illustrated by Maginel Wright Enright
1954 Edition from Rand McNally
for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Heidi
Windermere Series 3
by Johanna Spyri, translated by Philip Schuyler Allen and illustrated by Maginel Wright Enright
1938 edition from Rand McNally
for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Medieval Tales
by Jennifer Westwood, illustrated by Pauline D. Baynes
from Coward McCann
for 1st-6th grade
in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote
by Marcia Williams (adapted from Miguel de Cervantes)
1st edition from Candlewick Press
for 1st-4th grade
in Action & Adventure Stories (Location: FIC-ADV)
Odyssey (retold)
by Gillian Cross; illustrated by Neil Packer
from Candlewick Press
for 3rd-6th grade
Pinocchio
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M. A. Murray and illustrated by Greg Hildebrandt
from Unicorn Publishing House
for 4th-8th grade
in Fantasy Fiction (Location: FIC-FAN)
Pinocchio
Sterling Classics
by Carlo Collodi, illustrated by Scott McKowen
Unabridged from Sterling Publishing Co.
for 3rd-8th grade
in Fantasy Fiction (Location: FIC-FAN)
Pinocchio
Junior Deluxe Editions
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M. A. Murray and illustrated by Roberta MacDonald
from Junior Deluxe Editions
Fantasy for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Pinocchio
Children's Classics
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M.A. Murray and illustrated by Charles Folkard
from Dilithium Press, Ltd.
for 3rd-8th grade
in Fantasy Fiction (Location: FIC-FAN)
Pinocchio
Rainbow Classics
by Carlo Collodi, translated by Joseph Walker and illustrated by Richard Floethe
from World Publishing Company
Fantasy for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Pinocchio
by Carlo Collodi, illustrated by Alice Carsey
from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
Fantasy for 3rd-8th grade
$15.30
Pinocchio
Windermere Readers #2
by Carlo Collodi, illustrated by Esther Friend
from Rand McNally
Fantasy for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Pinocchio
Windermere Series 4
by Carlo Collodi, illustrated by Esther Friend
from Rand McNally
Fantasy for 3rd-8th grade
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
Pinocchio
by Carlo Collodi, translated by M. A. Murray and illustrated by Roberto Innocenti
from Creative Editions
Fantasy for 3rd-8th grade
in Fantasy Fiction (Location: FIC-FAN)
$15.00 (1 in stock)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
by Constance Hieatt, illustrated by Walter Lorraine
from Thomas Y. Crowell & Co.
for 2nd-6th grade
in Vintage Picture Books (Location: VIN-PIC)
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (retold)
by Michael Morpurgo, illustrated by Michael Foreman
from Candlewick Press
for 2nd-6th grade
Story of King Arthur and His Knights / Adventures of Pinocchio
by Carlo Collodi, Howard Pyle
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 2nd-5th grade
in Companion Library (Location: VIN-FIC)
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