History of Science & Mathematics

Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Albert Schweitzer
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from YWAM Publishing
Biography for 4th-8th grade
in Christian Heroes: Then and Now (Location: BIO-BENGE)
$11.99
Along Came Galileo
by Jeanne Bendick
from Beautiful Feet Books
Biography for 4th-8th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$12.95
Archimedes and the Door of Science
by Jeanne Bendick
from Bethlehem Books
Biography for 5th-8th grade
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Archimedes and the Door of Science
by Jeanne Bendick
from Purple House Press
Biography for 5th-8th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$10.99
Ben Franklin of Old Philadelphia
Landmark Series
by Margaret Cousins
from Random House
Biography for 5th-8th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
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Benjamin Franklin
Heroes of History
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from Emerald Books
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Heroes of History (Location: BIO-BENGE)
$11.99
Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (Young Reader's Edition)
by William Kamkwamba & Bryan Mealer
from Rocky Pond Books
for 4th-8th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$9.99
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
by Jean Lee Latham
from Houghton Mifflin
Biography for 5th-9th grade
1956 Newbery Medal winner
in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF)
$9.99
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch - Audio CD
by Jean Lee Latham
from Well-Trained Mind Press
for 5th-8th grade
in Audio Books & Dramas (Location: CD-AUDIO)
$32.95
Carver: A Life in Poems
by Marilyn Nelson
from Boyds Mill Press
for 7th-11th grade
2002 Newbery Honor Book, Coretta Scott King Honor Award
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$16.95
Champions of Invention
Champions of Discovery
by John Hudson Tiner
from Master Books
for 4th-8th grade
in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
$4.79 $3.50 (3 in stock)
Champions of Mathematics
by John Hudson Tiner
from Master Books
for 4th-8th grade
in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$4.79 $3.50 (3 in stock)
Champions of Science
Champions of Discovery
by John Hudson Tiner
from Master Books
for 4th-8th grade
in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$4.79 $3.50 (2 in stock)
Clara Barton
Heroes of History
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from Emerald Books
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Heroes of History (Location: BIO-BENGE)
$11.99
Classical Acts and Facts Science Cards: Seeking to Know
2nd edition from Classical Conversations
for Kindergarten-8th grade
in Classical Acts & Facts Cards (Location: HISCUR-CC)
$23.99
Combat Nurses of World War II
Landmark #116
by Wyatt Blassingame
from Purple House Press
for 5th-9th grade
in World War II (1939-1945) (Location: HISA-20WW2)
$13.99
David Livingstone
by C. Silvester Horne
from Christian Liberty Press
Biography for 7th-10th grade
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$11.75
Dr. Oma
Chosen Daughters
by Ethel Herr
from P&R Publishing
for 6th-10th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$17.99
Drummer Boy's Battle
TrailBlazer Books
by Dave & Neta Jackson
from Castle Rock Creative
for 3rd-7th grade
in Trailblazer Books (Location: SER-TRAIL)
$8.99
Exploring the History of Medicine
Exploring Series
by John Hudson Tiner
from Master Books
for 5th-12th grade
in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP)
$15.19 $9.50 (3 in stock)
Exploring the History of Medicine - Supplemental Questions
by Ashley Gratto
3rd edition from Memoria Press
for 5th-8th grade
in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP)
$6.00
Exploring the History of Medicine - Teacher Key and Tests
by Cindy Davis & Ashley Gratto
3rd edition from Memoria Press
for 5th-8th grade
in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP)
$8.95 $5.00 (2 in stock)
Exploring the World of Mathematics
Exploring Series
by John Hudson Tiner
from Master Books
for 6th-10th grade
in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP)
$15.19 $9.50 (2 in stock)
Exploring the World of Mathematics - Supplemental Questions
by Cooper Boldrick
2nd edition from Memoria Press
for 6th-10th grade
in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP)
$6.00 $3.50 (1 in stock)
Exploring the World of Mathematics - Teacher Key & Tests
by Cooper Boldrick
2nd edition from Memoria Press
for 6th-10th grade
in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP)
$8.95 $5.00 (1 in stock)
Florence Nightingale
by Laura E. Richards
from Yesterday's Classics
Biography for 6th-9th grade
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$10.95
Flying to the Moon
by Michael Collins
from Sunburst Book
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$8.99
Four American Inventors
by Frances M. Perry
from Yesterday's Classics
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in Biography Anthologies (Location: BIO-ANTH)
$13.95
Galen and the Gateway to Medicine
by Jeanne Bendick
from Bethlehem Books
Biography for 5th-8th grade
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$14.95
George Washington Carver
Sowers Series
by David Collins
from Mott Media
Biography for 5th-7th grade
in Sowers Biographies (Location: BIO-SOW)
$8.99
George Washington Carver
Heroes of History
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from Emerald Books
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Heroes of History (Location: BIO-BENGE)
$11.99
Girl Who Drew Butterflies
by Joyce Sidman
from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
for 3rd-8th grade
2019 Robert F. Sibert Medal winner
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$17.99
God's Design for the Physical World - Student Book
by Debbie & Richard Lawrence
Master Books Edition from Master Books
for 4th-8th grade
in Master Books God's Design (Location: SCICUR-MB)
$43.19
God's Design for the Physical World - Teacher Guide
by Debbie & Richard Lawrence
Master Books Edition from Master Books
for 4th-8th grade
in Master Books God's Design (Location: SCICUR-MB)
$34.39
Great Astronomers
by Robert S. Ball
from Living Book Press
for 5th-8th grade
in Astronomy (Space) (Location: SCI-AST)
$12.99
Great Inventors and Their Inventions
by Frank P. Bachman
2019 Reprint from Living Book Press
for 5th-7th grade
in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
$9.99
Great Wheel
by Robert Lawson
from Walker and Company
Realistic fiction for 4th-8th grade
1958 Newbery Honor Book
in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF)
$9.99 $6.00 (2 in stock)
History of Science - Guide
by Rebecca Berg
2nd edition from Beautiful Feet Books
for 3rd-8th grade
in Beautiful Feet Books (Location: HISCUR-BFB)
$18.95
Industrial Revolution
by Carla Mooney
from Nomad Press
for 2nd-8th grade
in Industrialization & Organized Labor (Location: HISA-19IND)
$15.95 $8.00 (1 in stock)
Inventors & Scientists
from Master Books
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in Biography Anthologies (Location: BIO-ANTH)
$10.39
Klaus-Dieter John
Christian Heroes: Then & Now
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from YWAM Publishing
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Christian Heroes: Then and Now (Location: BIO-BENGE)
$11.99
Medical Corps Heroes of World War II
Landmark #120
by Wyatt Blassingame
2022 Reprint from Purple House Press
for 5th-9th grade
in World War II (1939-1945) (Location: HISA-20WW2)
$15.99
Men of Science, Men of God
by Henry Morris
2nd edition from Master Books
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in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$9.99
Men, Microscopes, and Living Things
by Katherine B. Shippen (illustrated by Anthony Ravielli)
Reprint from Living Library Press
for 5th-8th grade
1956 Newbery Honor Book
in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$13.95
Michael Faraday
by Charles Ludwig
from Herald Press
Biography for 5th-8th grade
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$11.99 $8.00 (2 in stock)
Mystery of the Periodic Table
by Benjamin Wiker
from Bethlehem Books
for 5th-8th grade
in Chemistry (Location: SCI-CHEM)
$15.95
Orville Wright
Heroes of History
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from Emerald Books
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Heroes of History (Location: BIO-BENGE)
$11.99
Paul Brand
Christian Heroes: Then and Now
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from YWAM Publishing
for 4th-8th grade
in Christian Heroes: Then and Now (Location: BIO-BENGE)
$11.99
Samuel F. B. Morse
Sowers Series
by John Hudson Tiner
from Mott Media
Biography for 6th-8th grade
in Sowers Biographies (Location: BIO-SOW)
$8.99 $5.00 (4 in stock)
Story of Clocks and Calendars
by Betsy & Giulio Maestro
Reprint from HarperCollins
for 3rd-8th grade
in Time & Clocks (Location: MATM-TIME)
$9.99
Story of Science Book 1
by Joy Hakim
from Smithsonian Books
for 7th-9th grade
in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$24.95 $16.00 (1 in stock)
Story of Science Book 2
by Joy Hakim
from Smithsonian Books
for 7th-9th grade
in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$27.95 $17.50 (2 in stock)
Story of Science Book 3
by Joy Hakim
from Smithsonian Books
for 7th-9th grade
in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$27.95 $17.50 (2 in stock)
Story of Thomas Alva Edison
Landmark Series
by Margaret Cousins
from Random House
Biography for 5th-8th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$5.99 $4.00 (1 in stock)
Trail Blazer of the Seas
by Jean Lee Latham
from Purple House Press
for 5th-8th grade
in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF)
$11.99
Way Things Work Now
by David Macaulay & Neil Ardley
3rd edition from Houghton Mifflin
for 4th-10th grade
in How Things Work (Location: SCIREF-HOW)
$35.00
Wright Brothers
by Russell Freedman
from Holiday House
Biography for 5th-8th grade
1992 Newbery Honor Book
in Aviation History (Location: HISV-AVIA)
$16.99
Wright Brothers
Landmark Series
by Quentin Reynolds
from Random House
Biography for 5th-8th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$6.99