History of Science & Mathematics

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Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Parent Categories

Anthropology

Cultural History

History of Science & Mathematics

History of Science & Mathematics

Subcategories

History of Medicine

- Doctors & Nurses

Inventions & Discoveries

Joy Hakim's Story of Science

Scientists, Naturalists & Inventors

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12th grade (Ages 17-18)

	Apollo on the Moon by Henry S. F. Cooper, Jr. from Dial Press for 6th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Aristotle Leads the Way - Student's Quest Guide by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 8th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.50 (4 in stock)
	Audubon by Constance Rourke, illustrated by James MacDonald from Harcourt, Brace & World for 7th-12th grade 1937 Newbery Honor Book in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Dover Thrift Editions by Benjamin Franklin from Dover Publications for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $5.95
	Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin World's Greatest Literature by Benjamin Franklin from Spencer Press for 9th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Beginnings of Modern Science by Holmes Boynton, editor from Walter J. Black, Inc. for 11th-Adult in Walter J. Black Classics Club (Location: VIN-LITWJB) $3.20 (1 in stock)
	Benjamin Franklin by Carl Van Doren from Penguin Putnam for 10th-Adult in Clearance: History & Geography (Location: ZCLE-HIS)
	Benjamin Franklin by Carl Van Doren from Library of America for 10th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $14.00 (1 in stock)
	Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography and Other Writings Signet Classics by Benjamin Franklin Reprint from Signet Classics Autobiography for 9th-Adult in 18th Century Literature (Location: LIT5-18) $5.06
	Birth of the New Physics by I. Bernard Cohen Revised and Updated from W. W. Norton and Co. for 11th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Boy Who Harnessed the Wind Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope by Bryan Mealer, William Kamkwamba from Harper Perennial for 10th-Adult in 20th & 21st Century Literature (Location: LIT7-20) $15.99
	Charles Darwin and Natural Selection Immortals of Science by Alice Dickinson from Franklin Watts for 9th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Chord of Steel The Story of the Invention of the Telephone by Thomas B. Costain from Doubleday & Company for 8th-Adult in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC) $3.20 (1 in stock)
	Collector, The David Douglas and the Natural History of the Northwest by Jack Nisbet from Sasquatch Books for 10th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	David Douglas, A Naturalist at Work An Illustrated Exploration Across Two Centuries in the Pacific Northwest by Jack Nisbet from Sasquatch Books for 10th-Adult in Pacific States (Location: HISV-PNW)
	Discovery Great Moments in the Lives of Outstanding Naturalists by John K. Terres First Ediition from J.B. Lippincott Co. for 9th-Adult in Biography Anthologies (Location: BIO-ANTH) $7.20 (1 in stock)
	DK Chemistry Book from DK Publishing for 9th-Adult in Chemistry (Location: SCI-CHEM) $12.00 (1 in stock)
	Encyclopedia of Science and Technology by James Trefil from Routledge for 7th-Adult in Science Reference (Location: SCIREF) $4.50 (1 in stock)
	Evolution of Useful Things How everyday artifacts - from forks and pins to paper clips and zippers - came to be as they are by Henry Petroski 1^st edition from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. for 7th-Adult in Everyday Life in History (Location: HISV-EVERY)
	Evolution of Useful Things How everyday artifacts - from forks and pins to paper clips and zippers - came to be as they are by Henry Petroski from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. for 7th-Adult in Everyday Life in History (Location: HISV-EVERY) $17.00
	Exploring the History of Medicine From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $15.19 $9.50 (2 in stock)
	Exploring the History of Medicine - Set From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $29.27
	Fabulous Opal Whiteley From Logging Camp to Princess of India by Elbert Bede from Binford & Mort Publishing for 8th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	From Immigrant to Inventor by Michael Pupin from Charles Scribner's Sons for 10th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $10.00 (1 in stock)
	Galileo's Daughter by Dava Sobel from Penguin Putnam for 11th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS) $6.40 (1 in stock)
	George Washington Carver: An American Biography by Rackham Holt from Doubleday, Doran & Company Inc. for 9th-12th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Ghost Map The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic–and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World by Steven Johnson from Riverhead Books for 10th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS)
	Gifted Hands by M.D. Ben Carson Reprinted from Zondervan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $16.99
	Great Lives: Invention and Technology by Milton Lomask from Atheneum for 9th-12th grade in Biography Anthologies (Location: BIO-ANTH) $7.20 (1 in stock)
	Great Men of Science Their Lives and Discoveries by Grove Wilson 1942 Printing from New Home Library for 9th-Adult in Vintage Science & Math (Location: VIN-SCI)
	Great Physicists from Galileo to Einstein by George Gamow from Dover Publications Biography for 9th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $16.95
	Great Scientists in Bite-Sized Chunks by Nicola Chalton and Meredith MacArdle from MJF Books for 6th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	How We Got to Now Six Innovations That Made the Modern World by Steven Johnson from Riverhead Books for 10th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS) $7.00 (1 in stock)
	Icons of Invention: American Patent Models by Barbara Janssen from Smithsonian Books for 7th-Adult in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Isaac Newton by Mitch Stokes from Thomas Nelson Publishers for 7th-Adult in Christian Encounters (Location: BIO-CE) $10.20
	Leonardo da Vinci: Pathfinder of Science Immortals of Science by Henry Gillette from Franklin Watts for 7th-12th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Life & Times of Leonardo by Liana Bortolon from Curtis Publishing Co. for 8th-12th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Little History of Science by William Bynum from Yale University Press for 8th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $10.00 (1 in stock)
	Longitude by Dava Sobel 1^st edition from Walker and Company for 10th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	Longitude by Dava Sobel 1^st edition from Penguin Books for 10th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $4.00 (2 in stock)
	Louis Pasteur by Laura N. Wood 7th 1959 printing from Julian Messner for 7th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Man Who Changed How Boys and Toys Were Made The Life and Times of A. C. Gilbert, the Man Who Saved Christmas by Bruce Watson from Penguin Books for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $5.60 (1 in stock)
	Marconi: Father of Radio World in the Making by David Gunston from Crowell-Collier for 6th-12th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Microbe Hunters by Paul De Kruif from Purple House Press for 10th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $14.99
	Microbe Hunters by Paul De Kruif, introduction by F. Gonzalez-Crussi from Harcourt for 10th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.50 (1 in stock)
	Milestones of Medicine from Random House for 6th-12th grade in Vintage Science & Math (Location: VIN-SCI) $10.00 (1 in stock)
	Miracle in the Hills by Mary T. Martin Sloop with Legette Blythe from McGraw-Hill for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $10.50
	More Perfect Heaven How Copernicus Revolutionized the Cosmos by Dava Sobel from Walker and Company for 10th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS) $4.80 (1 in stock)
	My First Summer in the Sierra by John Muir from Gibbs M. Smith for 9th-Adult in 19th Century Literature (Location: LIT6-19) $14.41
	My First Summer in the Sierra by John Muir from Living Book Press for 9th-Adult in 19th Century Literature (Location: LIT6-19) $9.34
	My Patients Were Zulus by James B. McCord, M.D. with John Scott Douglas from Rinehart & Company, Inc. for 8th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	One Giant Leap Iconic and Inspiring Space Race Inventions that Shaped History by Charles Pappas from Lyons Press for 9th-Adult in Space Race & Exploration (Location: HISA-20SPR)
	People, Places, Things, Ideas - 4 Volume Set from Hawthorn Books, Inc. for 9th-Adult in Vintage Nonfiction (Location: VIN-NFIC) $25.60 (1 in stock)
	Personal Life of David Livingstone Chiefly from His Unpublished Journals and Correspondence in the Possession of His Family Heroes of the Faith by W Garden Blaikie from Fleming H Revell Co. for 10th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Planets, The by Dava Sobel from Viking Press for 10th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	PLP: Advanced Pre-Med Studies - Package from Master Books for 10th-12th grade in Master Books Science (Location: SCICUR-MB)
	PLP: Survey of Science History & Concepts - Package from Master Books for 10th-12th grade in Master Books Science (Location: SCICUR-MB)
	PLP: Survey of Science History & Concepts - Parent Lesson Planner from Master Books for 10th-12th grade in Master Books Science (Location: SCICUR-MB) $17.59
	Science Timeline Wallbook Unfold the Story of Science From the Stone Age to the Present Day! by Christopher Lloyd, illustrated by Andy Forshaw from What on Earth Publishing for 6th-12th grade in Timeline Resources (Location: HISRF-TIM) $9.50 (1 in stock)
	Small Things Considered Why There Is No Perfect Design by Henry Petroski from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. for 10th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Soul of Science Christian Faith and Natural Philosophy Turning Point Christian Worldview by Nancy Pearcey & Charles Thaxton from Crossway Books for 10th-Adult in Faith & Science (Location: XAP-SCI) $24.99 $12.50 (2 in stock)
	Story of Euclid by W.B. Frankland from Living Book Press for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $7.64
	Story of Science - Set by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 7th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $68.73
	Story of Western Science From the Writings of Aristotle to the Big Bang Theory by Susan Wise Bauer from W. W. Norton and Co. for 11th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $26.95
	Trailblazer of American Science The Life of Joseph Henry by Sarah R. Riedman Printing 'B' from Rand McNally for 7th-12th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Twelve Seconds to the Moon A Story of the Wright Brothers by Rosamond Young & Catharine Fitzgerald 2^nd edition from Air Force Museum Foundation, Inc. for 7th-Adult in Aviation History (Location: HISV-AVIA) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Visual Timeline of Inventions by Richard Platt from DK Publishing for 8th-Adult in Oversized Science Books (Location: SCI-OVER) $12.00 (1 in stock)
	Voyager Out The Life of Mary Kingsley by Katherine Frank 1^st edition from Ballantine Books for 11th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS)
	Wheels: A Pictorial History from World Publishing Company for 7th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)
	Women in Science 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World by Rachel Ignotofsky from Ten Speed Press for 4th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Wright Brothers by David McCullough Reprint from Simon & Schuster Macmillan for 9th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS) $16.99
	Wright Brothers by David McCullough First American Condition from Simon & Schuster Macmillan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $12.00 (2 in stock)

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