History of Science & Mathematics

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Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Anthropology

Cultural History

History of Science & Mathematics

History of Science & Mathematics

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History of Medicine

- Doctors & Nurses

Inventions & Discoveries

Joy Hakim's Story of Science

Scientists, Naturalists & Inventors

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2nd grade (Ages 7-8)

	A Weed Is a Flower by Aliki Reprint from Aladdin Paperbacks for Kindergarten-3rd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.79
	Ada Byron Lovelace and the Thinking Machine by Laurie Wallmark, illustrated by April Chu from Creston Books, LLC for Kindergarten-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $4.80 (1 in stock)
	Adventures of Munford: Munford Meets Robert Fulton by Jamie Aramini Fir from Geography Matters for 2nd-4th grade in Geography Matters products (Location: GEO-GEOM) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	AIO Imagination Station Book #21 Madman in Manhattan by Marianne Hering from Focus on the Family for 1st-3rd grade in Imagination Station (Location: SER-AIO) $5.09
	Alexander Graham Bell National Geographic Kids Level 2 by Barbara Kramer from National Geographic for 1st-3rd grade in National Geographic Early Readers (Location: EAR-NGR)
	All Aboard! Elijah McCoy's Steam Engine by Monica Kulling; illustrated by Bill Slavin from Tundra Books (NY) for Kindergarten-4th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $8.99
	Amazing Life of Benjamin Franklin by James Cross Giblin from Scholastic Inc. for 1st-4th grade 2001 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.79 $3.60 (1 in stock)
	Amazing Mind of Granville Woods The Good and the Beautiful Library by Maggie Felsch; illustrated by Kessler Garrity from The Good and the Beautiful for 2nd-4th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	Berean Builders Science Through History - Elementary Boxed Set by Jay Wile for 2nd-6th grade in Berean Builders Science (Location: SCICUR-BER) $215.60
	Blockhead: The Life of Fibonacci by Romola Anderson, R. C. Anderson 1^st edition from Henry Holt and Company for Preschool-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $16.99
	Boy Who Loved Math The Improbable Life of Paul Erdos by Deborah Heiligman, illustrated by LeUyen Pham from Roaring Brook Press for Preschool-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $4.80 (1 in stock)
	Brave Clara Barton Step Into Reading Level 3 by Frank Murphy, illustrated by Sarah Green from Random House Books for Young Readers for 1st-3rd grade in Step into Reading (Location: EAR-STEP)
	Carl Linnaeus Father of Classification Great Minds of Science by Margaret Anderson from Enslow for Kindergarten-3rd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	Changing Weather The Story of June Bacon-Bercey by Ashlee Klemm, illustrated by Vanessa Toye from The Good and the Beautiful for 1st-3rd grade in GATB Science & Health (Location: CUR-GABSc) $6.00 (2 in stock)
	Charles Darwin's Around-the-World Adventure by Jennifer Thermes from Abrams Books for Young Readers for Preschool-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.40 (1 in stock)
	Clara Barton Soldier of Mercy Discovery Book by Mary Catherine Rose from Grosset & Dunlap for 1st-3rd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	Clara Barton: Amazing Civil War Nurse Amazing Americans by Mary Dodson Wade from Enslow for 1st-3rd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Classical Acts and Facts Science Cards: Seeking to Know Famous Scientists 2^nd edition from Classical Conversations for Kindergarten-8th grade in Classical Acts & Facts Cards (Location: HISCUR-CC) $28.20 $17.50 (1 in stock)
	Dear Benjamin Banneker by Andrea Davis Pinkney, illustrated by Brian Pinkney from Houghton Mifflin for 2nd-4th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $8.49 $4.00 (1 in stock)
	DK Eye Wonder: Invention by Caroline Bingham from DK Publishing for 2nd-6th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
	Eureka! It's Television! by Jeanne Bendick from Millbrook Press for 2nd-4th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Farmland Innovator A Story About Cyrus McCormick Creative Minds Biographies by Catherine A. Welch, illustrated by Jan Naimo Jones from Lerner Publishing Group for 2nd-4th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $3.60 (1 in stock)
	Five Notable Inventors by Wade Hudson from Cartwheel Books in Scholastic / Hello Reader! (Location: EAR-SCH) $1.20 (1 in stock)
	George Washington Carver Scientist and Teacher by Carol Greene from Children's Press for Preschool-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	George Washington Carver: America's Scientist Heroes of History for Young Readers by Renee Taft Meloche from Emerald Books for 1st-4th grade in Heroes for Young Readers (Location: BIO-HERO)
	George Washington Carver: The Peanut Wizard by Laura Driscoll from Grosset & Dunlap for 2nd-5th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	Girl Who Thought in Pictures The Story of Dr. Temple Grandin by Julia Finley Mosca, illustrated by Daniel Rieley from The Innovation Press for Kindergarten-3rd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Granny Smith Was Not an Apple The Story of Orchardist Maria Ann Smith by Sarah Glenn Fortson, illustrated by Kris Aro McLeod from Peter Pauper Press for Preschool-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $14.44
	Hedy Lamarr's Double Life Hollywood Legend and Brilliant Inventor People Who Shaped Our World #4 by Laurie Wallmark, illustrated by Katy Wu from Union Square Kids for Kindergarten-3rd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.40 (1 in stock)
	How Ben Franklin Stole the Lightning by Rosalyn Schanzer from HarperCollins for 2nd-4th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $5.00 (2 in stock)
	How People Learned to Fly Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science Stage 2 by Fran Hodgkins, illustrated by True Kelley from HarperCollins for Kindergarten-4th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
	How People Learned to Move About by Shirley Chilton, Roy Chilton, Robert Chilton; illustrated by N. Kay Stevenson and Kathleen McCarthy from Elk Grove Press for 2nd-4th grade in Vintage Nonfiction (Location: VIN-NFIC) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Industrial Revolution Investigate How Science and Technology Changed the World - with 25 Projects by Carla Mooney from Nomad Press for 2nd-8th grade in Industrialization & Organized Labor (Location: HISA-19IND) $15.95 $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Inventor's Secret What Thomas Edison Told Henry Ford by Suzanne Slade; illustrated by Jennifer Black Reinhardt from Charlesbridge for 1st-4th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $17.99
	Isaac Newton and the Laws of Motion by Andrea Gianopoulos 1^st edition from Capstone Press for 1st-4th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.76 $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Jane Goodall and the Wild Chimpanzees by Bette Birnbaum, Illustrated by Frederick Porter from Raintree for Kindergarten-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	Journey to Freedom by Charles W. Carey Jr. from Child's World for 2nd-4th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	Librarian Who Measured the Earth by Kathryn Lasky from Little, Brown & Company Biography for 2nd-5th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $16.99 $9.60 (2 in stock)
	Louis Braille The Boy who Invented Books for the Blind by Margaret Davidson from Scholastic Inc. Biography for 2nd-5th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.79 $3.20 (5 in stock)
	Louis Braille by Margaret Davidson from Scholastic Inc. for 2nd-5th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $1.20 (1 in stock)
	Mathematics: The Story of Numbers, Symbols and Space Golden Library of Knowledge by Irving Adler, illustrated by Lowell Hess from Golden Press for 2nd-6th grade in Vintage Science & Math (Location: VIN-SCI)
	Michelangelo by Diane Stanley from HarperCollins Picture Book Biography for 2nd-4th grade 2001 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book in Biographies (Location: BIO) $8.49 $4.80 (2 in stock)
	Mimic Makers by Kristen Nordstrom; illustrated by Paul Boston from Charlesbridge for 1st-4th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $17.99
	Now and Ben The Modern Inventions of Benjamin Franklin by Gene Barretta from Square Fish Publishing for Preschool-2nd grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $8.99 $4.50 (1 in stock)
	Numbers Old and New The Reason Why Series by Irving and Ruth Adler, illustrated by Peggy Adler from The John Day Company for 2nd-5th grade in Vintage Science & Math (Location: VIN-SCI) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	On a Beam of Light A Story of Albert Einstein by Jennifer Berne, illustrated by Vladimir Radunsky from Chronicle Books for Preschool-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $3.60 (1 in stock)
	Picture Book of Florence Nightingale by David A. Adler, illustrated by John & Alexandra Wallner Repackaged from Holiday House for Kindergarten-3rd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $3.60 (1 in stock)
	Picture History of Great Inventors by Gillian Clements from Beautiful Feet Books for 2nd-6th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $15.95
	Rare Treasure Mary Anning and Her Remarkable Discoveries by Don Brown from Houghton Mifflin for Preschool-2nd grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $12.80 (1 in stock)
	Rosie Revere's Big Project Book for Bold Engineers by Andrea Beatty, illustrated by David Roberts from Abrams for 1st-3rd grade in Science Experiments & Activities (Location: SCI-EXP) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Rosie Revere, Engineer by Andrea Beaty from Harry N. Abrams, Inc. for Kindergarten-2nd grade in Picture Books (Location: PICTURE) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Snowflake Bentley by Jacqueline Briggs Martin from Houghton Mifflin Biographies of Scientists and Inventors for 1st-3rd grade 1999 Caldecott Medal winner in Picture Books (Location: PICTURE) $15.29
	Snowflake Bentley by Jacqueline Briggs Martin from Houghton Mifflin Biographies of Scientists and Inventors for 1st-3rd grade 1999 Caldecott Medal winner in Picture Books (Location: PICTURE) $8.49 $4.40 (1 in stock)
	Story of Maria Merian by Ashlee Klemm, illustrated by Anna Speshilova from The Good and the Beautiful for Kindergarten-3rd grade in GATB Science & Health (Location: CUR-GABSc)
	Take a Number New Ideas + Imagination = More Fun by Jeanne Bendick, illustrated by Marcia Levin from Whittlesey House for 2nd-4th grade in Vintage Science & Math (Location: VIN-SCI) $18.00 (1 in stock)
	Thomas Edison: Inventor Spirit of America: Our People by Cynthia Klingel and Robert B. Noyed from Child's World for 2nd-5th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $3.20 (1 in stock)
	Uncommon Traveler Mary Kingsley in Africa by Don Brown from Houghton Mifflin for Preschool-3rd Grade in Picture Books (Location: PICTURE)
	Usborne History of Science in 100 Pictures by Abigail Wheatley, illustrated by Ian McNee from Usborne for 2nd-5th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Watt Got You Started, Mr. Fulton? A Story of James Watt and Robert Fulton by Robert M. Quackenbush from Prentice Hall for 2nd-4th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	What Are You Figuring Now? by Jeri Ferris, Illustrated by Amy Johnson from First Avenue Editions for 2nd-6th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO)
	What Are You Figuring Now? by Jeri Ferris from Harcourt, Brace & Company for 2nd-6th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $4.80 (1 in stock)
	What's Inside? Great Inventions What's Inside? from DK Publishing for 1st-3rd grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $3.50 (1 in stock)
	What's the Big Idea, Ben Franklin? by Jean Fritz from PaperStar Books for 2nd-6th grade in New Nation (1783-1801) (Location: HISA-18NN) $3.50 (1 in stock)
	Who Invented This? Smart People and Their Bright Ideas by Anne Ameri-Siemens, illustrated by Becky Thorns, translated by David Henry Wilson from Little Gestalten for 2nd-5th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $12.00 (1 in stock)
	Who Was Leonardo da Vinci? Who Was?...Series by Roberta Edwards from Grosset & Dunlap for 2nd-5th grade in Who Was? biographies (Location: BIO-WHO)
	Wildheart from Yosemite Conservancy for 2nd-5th grade in Comic Books & Graphic Novels (Location: FIC-COMIC) $12.74
	Young Audubon Boy Naturalist by Miriam E. Mason, illustrated by Will Forrest from Bobbs-Merril Co for 2nd-5th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS)

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