Mythology & Folklore

It's easy to dismiss myths simply as lies. After all, did Apollo really pull the Sun around in a chariot? Did Coyote really create the Indian tribes by flinging a defeated monster in several directions? Did Onamuji really die twice and have to be rescued by his mother? Who on earth is Onamuji? As children of the Enlightenment we have little patience for such absurd stories, condescendingly studying them (if we pay attention at all) as artifacts of primitive societies, or simply transforming them into comic book adventures.

Which is probably exactly what most of the originators of the myths would have wanted, at least the comic book part. As the great Roman poet Ovid demonstrated in his masterful Metamorphoses, myths aren't about telling what actually happened or describing the physical realities of the world so much as they're concerned with renewal, transfiguration and change.

There is a sense in which myths are intended to explain some perplexing aspect of the known world, as when the Scandinavians attributed lightning and thunder to Thor charging around in his goat-drawn chariot. But there's another sense in which it didn't really matter if they believed the stories they told at religious gatherings or by the fire at night; the mythologies of the Greeks, Chinese, Sioux tribes, Congolese and Slavs were all intended to impart to their listeners particular ideas about the world, about justice, about life and death, and about themselves.

Postmodernists like to call this sort of thing metanarrative, a universal story that imparts meaning on the chaos of existence. Men like G.K. Chesterton and J.R.R. Tolkien preferred to call it a search for truth. It was in this sense that Chesterton called the Christian Gospel a Myth—not because it was in any sense not true; quite the opposite, because it is perfectly true. Old mythologies worked hard to discover truth, while the Christian myth (the only completely true myth, as C.S. Lewis would say) is truth.

This is not to undermine the Christian narrative as found in the Bible, nor is it to apotheosize the ancient myths. There's plenty the old mythologists got wrong, and nothing untrue in the Word of God. Not only that, whereas the old myths are complete fabrications, the narrative of Scripture presents real historical events that actually transpired.

What is also true, however, and what is often ignored, is that what the Bible does for real, the myth-writers were trying to do. They wanted understanding, and the often bizarre stories they conjured weren't weird for the sake of weirdness: they were attempts at building a framework that would make sense of everything they knew existed, its origins, and its ultimate destiny.

Folklore shares a similar goal, though it's generally less universal, more homespun and culture-specific. Zeus is a mythic figure; Paul Bunyan is a folk hero. The folk hero is generally a national symbol, a human distillation of the peoples' spirit, someone they can identify with while looking up to them at the same time. Mythology and folklore often merge, especially in places with a long and deep heritage. The United States has no mythology, but its people have developed a rich folklore to make up for it.

At its best, mythology promotes noble conduct, self-sacrifice, and peacefulness. At its worst, it depicts a universe at the hands of capricious deities with appetites only different from ours in that they're bigger, more depraved, more destructive. We don't suggest building a worldview out of ancient myths, but if you have any desire to understand how people of the past thought and what motivated them, we do suggest starting with their stories.

Review by C. Hollis Crossman
C. Hollis Crossman used to be a child. Now he's a husband and father who loves church, good food, and weird stuff. He might be a mythical creature, but he's definitely not a centaur. Read more of his reviews here.
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77 Items found Print
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Adventures of Robin Hood
Reader's Digest World's Best Reading
by Paul Creswick, illustrated by N. C. Wyeth
1991 Edition from Reader's Digest
for 6th-12th grade
in 20th & 21st Century Literature (Location: LIT7-20)
$8.00 (3 in stock)
Aesop's Fables
by Aesop, illustrated by Harry Rountree
from Gallery Books
for 3rd-9th grade
$14.00 (1 in stock)
Aesop's Fables
by Aesop, illustrated by Arthur Rackham
from Macmillan
Fairy Tales, Fables, and Legends for 1st-Adult
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$14.99
Aladdin and Other Tales from the Arabian Nights
by Anonymous, illustrated by William Heath Robinson
from Everyman's Library
for 6th-9th grade
$17.95 $10.00 (2 in stock)
Ancient Egypt: Life, Myth, and Art
by JoAnne Fletcher
First Edition from Duncan Baird
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$8.50 (1 in stock)
Annotated African American Folktales
by Henry Louis Gates & Maria Tatar
from W. W. Norton and Co.
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Annotated Brothers Grimm
by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
Bicentennial from W. W. Norton and Co.
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Annotated Classic Fairy Tales
by Maria Tatar
from W. W. Norton and Co.
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Annotated Hans Christian Andersen
by Hans Christian Andersen
from W. W. Norton and Co.
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Arabian Nights
Scribner Illustrated Classics
by Kate Douglas Wiggin and Nora A. Smith, editors, illustrated by Maxfield Parrish
from Charles Scribner's Sons
Eastern Fairy Tales for 9th-Adult
in Medieval Literature (Location: LIT2-MED)
Arabian Nights
International Collectors Library
by Sir Richard Burton, illustrated by Steele Savage
from International Collectors Library
for 9th-Adult
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Arabian Nights
Scribner Illustrated Classics
by Kate Douglas Wiggin and Nora A. Smith, editors, illustrated by Maxfield Parrish
from Charles Scribner's Sons
Eastern Fairy Tales for 9th-Adult
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$29.99
Arabian Nights
by Amabel Williams-Ellis, illustrated by Pauline Baynes
from Blackie & Son LTD.
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Arabian Nights
by Kate Douglas Wiggin and Nora A. Smith, editors, illustrated by Maxfield Parrish
from Book-of-the-Month Club
Eastern Fairy Tales for 9th-Adult
Arctic Twilight
by Samuli Paulaharju
1982 Edition from Finnish American Literary Heritage Foundation
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$12.00 (1 in stock)
Bulfinch's Mythology: The Age of Fable
by Thomas Bulfinch
from International Collectors Library
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Bulfinch's Mythology: The Age of Fable
by Thomas Bulfinch, illustrated by Stanley William Hayter
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Bulfinch's Mythology: The Complete Texts
by Thomas Bulfinch
from Gramercy Books
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Classic Fairy Tales
by Peter Opie & Iona Opie
from Oxford University
for 6th-10th grade
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Complete Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm
by Wilhelm Grimm, Jacob Grimm
from International Collectors Library
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Complete Illustrated Stories of the Brothers Grimm
by Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm, illustrated by E.H. Wehnert
Redesigned Edition (1st Edition in this form) from Chancellor Press
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Complete Tales of Uncle Remus
by Joel Chandler Harris
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Animal Fantasy for 7th-Adult
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$35.00
Complete Tales of Uncle Remus
by Joel Chandler Harris, retold by Julius Lester, illustrated by Jerry Pinkney
from Dial Press
Animal Fantasy for 7th-Adult
in 19th Century Literature (Location: LIT6-19)
$50.00
Diamond Path
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Eternal Cycle
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Fairy Tales from the Arabian Nights
Dent & Dutton Illustrated Series
by E. Dixon, illustrated by Joan Kiddell-Monroe
from E.P. Dutton & Co.
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First Houses: Native American Homes and Sacred Structures
by Jean Guard Monroe, Ray A. Williamson, illustrated by Susan Johnston Carlson
from Houghton Mifflin
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$5.00 (1 in stock)
Forests of the Vampire
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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Gods of Sun & Sacrifice
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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$7.00 (1 in stock)
Great Folktales of Old Ireland
by Mary McGarry, illustrated by Richard Hook
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Grimm's Fairy Tales
by Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm, illustrated by Lucille Corcos
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Grimm's Fairy Tales
Windermere Readers #4
by Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm, illustrated by Hope Dunlap
1954 printing from Rand McNally
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$10.00 (1 in stock)
Grimm's Fairy Tales
Windermere Series 1
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Windermere Series 3
by Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm, illustrated by Hope Dunlap
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Windermere Series 4
by Jacob & Wilhelm Grimm, illustrated by Hope Dunlap
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Heroes of the Dawn
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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Illustrated Bulfinch's Mythology: Age of Fable
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Illustrated Bulfinch's Mythology: Legends of Charlemagne
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It's Perfectly True
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Journeys through Dreamtime
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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Juniper Tree and Other Tales from Grimm
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Kingdom Far and Clear
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Land of the Dragon
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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Little Prince
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Fantasy for 3rd-Adult
$18.00
Little Prince
by Antoine De Saint-Exupery
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Fantasy for 3rd-Adult
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Lost Realms of Gold
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Mother Earth, Father Sky
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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Myth Made Fact
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Mythology
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Mythology for 7th-Adult
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$29.99
Myths and Folk Tales Around the World
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Once and Future King
by T. H. White
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Realm of the Rising Sun
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Robin Hood
Scribner Illustrated Classics
by Paul Creswick, illustrated by N.C. Wyeth
from Atheneum
for 6th-10th grade
in Action & Adventure Stories (Location: FIC-ADV)
Robin Hood
Scribner Illustrated Classics
by Paul Creswick, illustrated by N.C. Wyeth
Reissue from Atheneum
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$24.99
Robin Hood
by Henry Gilbert, illustrated by Frances Brundage
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$6.00 (1 in stock)
Robin Hood and the Men of the Greenwood
by Henry Gilbert, illustrated by Walter Crane
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Romance of King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table (abridged)
by Sir Thomas Mallory, illustrated by Arthur Rackham
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$12.00 (1 in stock)
Scottish Fairy Tales
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Song of Hiawatha
by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, illustrated by Frederic Remington
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Stories from the Arabian Nights
by Laurence Housman, illustrated by Edmund Dulac
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Stories of Robin Hood & His Merry Men
"In Days of Old" series
by Henry Gilbert, illustrated by Walter Crane
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Story of Kullervo
by J.R.R. Tolkien
1st edition from Houghton Mifflin
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Tales from the Arabian Nights
Reader's Digest World's Best Reading
by Andrew Lang, with Edmund Dulac illustrations
from Reader's Digest
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Tales from the Perilous Realm
by J. R. R. Tolkien, illustrated by Alan Lee
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$28.00
Titans and Olympians
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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Treasury of Classical Mythology
by A. R. H. Moncrieff
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$6.00 (1 in stock)
Treasury of French Tales
by Henri Pourrat, translated by Mary Mian, illustrated Pauline Baynes
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Triumph of the Hero
Time-Life Myth & Mankind
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Twice Told Tales
by Nathaniel Hawthorne
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Vaino
by Julia Davis Adams, illustrated by Lempi Ostman
from E.P. Dutton & Co.
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1930 Newbery Honor Book
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Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung I: The Rhinegold
by Robert Lawrence, illustrated by Alexandre Serebriakoff
from Grosset & Dunlap
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Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung II: The Valkyrie
by Robert Lawrence, illustrated by Alexandre Serebriakoff
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Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung III: Siegfried
by Robert Lawrence, illustrated by Alexandre Serebriakoff
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Wagner's Ring of the Nibelung IV: Twilight of the Gods
by Richard Wagner, adapted by Robert Lawrence, illustrated by Alexandre Serebriakoff
from Grosset & Dunlap
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Way to Eternity
from Time-Life Books
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Wonder-Book for Girls and Boys
Everyman's Library Children's Classics
by Nathaniel Hawthorne
from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
for 5th-10th grade
$17.00