History of Science & Mathematics

Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Accidents May Happen
by Charlotte Foltz Jones, illustrated by John O'Brien
from Delacorte Press
for 4th-6th grade
in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
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Ada Byron Lovelace and the Thinking Machine
by Laurie Wallmark, illustrated by April Chu
from Creston Books, LLC
for Kindergarten-2nd grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
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Adventures of Munford: Munford Meets Robert Fulton
by Jamie Aramini
Fir from Geography Matters
for 2nd-4th grade
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Alchemy, the Ancient Science
by Neil Powell
from Doubleday & Company
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in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS)
$12.00 (1 in stock)
All About Famous Inventors and Their Inventions
All About Books #18
by Fletcher Pratt
from Random House
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Amazing Leonardo da Vinci Inventions You Can Build Yourself
by Maxine Anderson
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Amazing Life of Benjamin Franklin
by James Cross Giblin
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2001 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book
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$6.79 $3.60 (1 in stock)
Ancient Science
by Jim Wiese
from Jossey-Bass
for 4th-6th grade
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$9.00 (1 in stock)
Apollo on the Moon
by Henry S. F. Cooper, Jr.
from Dial Press
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$5.00 (1 in stock)
Aristotle Leads the Way - Student's Quest Guide
by Joy Hakim
from Smithsonian Books
for 8th-12th grade
in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$8.50 (4 in stock)
Aristotle Leads the Way: Teacher's Quest Guide
by Joy Hakim
from Smithsonian Books
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$25.00 (4 in stock)
Beginnings of Modern Science
by Holmes Boynton, editor
from Walter J. Black, Inc.
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$3.20 (1 in stock)
Bell and the Science of the Telephone
by Brian Williams
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$3.50 (2 in stock)
Ben Franklin of Old Philadelphia
Landmark Series
by Margaret Cousins
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Biography for 5th-8th grade
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$5.94 $3.20 (1 in stock)
Benjamin Franklin
by R. Conrad Stein
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Biography for 3rd-6th grade
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Benjamin Franklin
by Carl Van Doren
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Benjamin Franklin's Adventures With Electricity
by Beverly Birch & Robin Bell Corfield
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Biography for 4th-6th grade
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Benjamin Franklin: Printer, Scientist, Author, and Diplomat
Spirit of America: Our People
by Ann Heinrichs
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Benjamin Franklin: Young Printer
by Augusta Stevenson
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Biography for 3rd-6th grade
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Better a Shield Than a Sword
by Edward Teller
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$6.40 (1 in stock)
Birth of the New Physics
by I. Bernard Cohen
Revised and Updated from W. W. Norton and Co.
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$6.00 (1 in stock)
Boy Who Loved Math
by Deborah Heiligman, illustrated by LeUyen Pham
from Roaring Brook Press
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$4.80 (1 in stock)
Burma Surgeon
by Gordon S. Seagrave
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Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
by Jean Lee Latham, illustrated by John O'Hara Cosgrave II
from Houghton Mifflin
Biography for 5th-9th grade
1956 Newbery Medal winner
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Carver: A Life In Poems
by Marilyn Nelson
1st edition from Scholastic Inc.
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2002 Newbery Honor Book
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Champions of Invention
Champions of Discovery
by John Hudson Tiner
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Champions of Mathematics
by John Hudson Tiner
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Changing Times: Health & Disease
by Kathy Elgin
1st edition from Compass Point Books
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$5.00 (1 in stock)
Changing Weather
by Ashlee Klemm, illustrated by Vanessa Toye
from The Good and the Beautiful
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$6.00 (2 in stock)
Charles Darwin's Around-the-World Adventure
by Jennifer Thermes
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Chord of Steel
by Thomas B. Costain
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Clara Barton: Amazing Civil War Nurse
Amazing Americans
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Clara Barton: Civil War Nurse
Historical American Biographies
by Nancy Whitelaw
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Classical Acts and Facts Science Cards: Seeking to Know
2nd edition from Classical Conversations
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Collector, The
by Jack Nisbet
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Cry of the Kalahari
by Mark and Delia Owens
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$4.80 (1 in stock)
Did It Take Creativity to Find Relativity, Albert Einstein?
by Gilda Berger, Melvin & Gilda Berger, Melvin Berger
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Disappearing Spoon
by Sam Kean
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$6.00 (1 in stock)
Discovery
by John K. Terres
First Ediition from J.B. Lippincott Co.
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$7.20 (1 in stock)
Disease Fighters
by Nathan Aaseng
First Edition from Lerner Publishing Group
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DK Biography: Albert Einstein
by Frieda Wishinsky
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DK Biography: Marie Curie
by Vicki Cobb
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DK Chemistry Book
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DK Super Cool Tech
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Einstein's Cosmos
by Michio Kaku
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$3.60 (1 in stock)
Einstein's Universe
by Nigel Calder
from Viking Press
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$5.00 (1 in stock)
Electrical Wizard
by Elizabeth Rusch, illustrated by Oliver Dominguez
from Candlewick Press
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$2.80 (1 in stock)
Encyclopedia of Science and Technology
by James Trefil
from Routledge
for 7th-Adult
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$4.50 (1 in stock)
Exploring Mars
by Roy A. Gallant, illustrated by Lowell Hess
from Garden City Books
for 3rd-6th grade
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$9.00 (1 in stock)
Exploring the History of Medicine
Exploring Series
by John Hudson Tiner
from Master Books
for 5th-12th grade
in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP)
$15.19 $9.50 (2 in stock)
Exploring the History of Medicine - Teacher Key and Tests
by Cindy Davis & Ashley Gratto
3rd edition from Memoria Press
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$9.25 $5.00 (2 in stock)
Exploring the World of Mathematics - Supplemental Questions
by Cooper Boldrick
2nd edition from Memoria Press
for 6th-10th grade
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Exploring the World of Mathematics - Teacher Key & Tests
by Cooper Boldrick
2nd edition from Memoria Press
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Farmland Innovator
Creative Minds Biographies
by Catherine A. Welch, illustrated by Jan Naimo Jones
from Lerner Publishing Group
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Fine Print
by Joann Burch
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Biography for 4th-6th grade
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Five Notable Inventors
by Wade Hudson
from Cartwheel Books
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$1.20 (1 in stock)
Four American Inventors
by Frances M. Perry
from Yesterday's Classics
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From Immigrant to Inventor
by Michael Pupin
from Charles Scribner's Sons
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Galen and the Gateway to Medicine
by Jeanne Bendick
from Bethlehem Books
Biography for 5th-8th grade
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Galileo's Daughter
by Dava Sobel
from Penguin Putnam
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$6.40 (1 in stock)
Genius
by Marfe Ferguson Delano
from National Geographic
for 5th-9th grade
2006 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book
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$9.00 (1 in stock)
Genius: A Photobiography of Albert Einstein
by Marfe Ferguson Delano
from National Geographic
for 3rd-5th grade
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$3.60 (1 in stock)
George Washington Carver
Sowers Series
by David Collins
from Mott Media
Biography for 5th-7th grade
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George Washington Carver
by Tonya Bolden
from Harry N. Abrams, Inc.
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$4.80 (1 in stock)
George Washington Carver: Botanist
Black Americans of Achievement
by Gene Adair, introduction by Coretta Scott King
from Chelsea House Publishing
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$3.20 (1 in stock)
Germ Hunter
by Elaine Marie Alphin, Illustrated by Elaine Verstraete
from First Avenue Editions
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$4.00 (2 in stock)
Giants of Science: Isaac Newton
by Kathleen Krull, Illustrated by Boris Kulikov
from Puffin Books
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$3.20 (1 in stock)
Girl Who Thought in Pictures
by Julia Finley Mosca, illustrated by Daniel Rieley
from The Innovation Press
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Girls Think of Everything
by Catherine Thimmesh
from Houghton Mifflin
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Girls Who Looked Under Rocks
by Jeannine Atkins
from Dawn Publications
Biography Anthologies for 4th-6th grade
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$4.50 (1 in stock)
God's Design for the Physical World - Student Book
by Debbie & Richard Lawrence
Master Books Edition from Master Books
for 4th-8th grade
in Master Books God's Design (Location: SCICUR-MB)
$43.19 $35.00 (1 in stock)
Great Inventions
from Time Inc.
for 7th-10th grade
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$6.00 (1 in stock)
Great Lives: Invention and Technology
by Milton Lomask
from Atheneum
for 9th-12th grade
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$7.20 (1 in stock)
Great Scientists in Bite-Sized Chunks
by Nicola Chalton and Meredith MacArdle
from MJF Books
for 6th-Adult
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$9.00 (1 in stock)
Great Wheel
by Robert Lawson
from Walker and Company
Realistic fiction for 4th-8th grade
1958 Newbery Honor Book
in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF)
$8.49 $4.80 (2 in stock)
Hedy Lamarr's Double Life
People Who Shaped Our World #4
by Laurie Wallmark, illustrated by Katy Wu
from Union Square Kids
for Kindergarten-3rd grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$6.40 (1 in stock)
Henry Ford: Young Man with Ideas
Childhood of Famous Americans
by Hazel B. Aird
from Aladdin Paperbacks
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$7.64 $3.20 (1 in stock)
History of Counting
by Denise Schmandt-Besserat, illustrated by Michael Hays
from Morrow Junior Books
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$8.00 (1 in stock)
History of Invention
by Egon Larsen
Revised from J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.
for Adult
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$5.00 (1 in stock)
History Smashers: Plagues and Pandemics
by Kate Messner
from Random House
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How Ben Franklin Stole the Lightning
by Rosalyn Schanzer
from HarperCollins
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$5.00 (2 in stock)
How People Learned to Move About
by Shirley Chilton, Roy Chilton, Robert Chilton; illustrated by N. Kay Stevenson and Kathleen McCarthy
from Elk Grove Press
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$9.00 (1 in stock)
How We Got to Now
by Steven Johnson
from Riverhead Books
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$7.00 (1 in stock)
Icons of Invention: American Patent Models
by Barbara Janssen
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Industrial Revolution
by Carla Mooney
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Inventing the Future
by David Edward Sloane, Marfe Ferguson Delano
from National Geographic
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$8.00 (1 in stock)
Invention of Nature
by Andrea Wulf
from Vintage Books
for Adult
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$4.80 (1 in stock)
Inventor's Times
by Dan Driscoll, James Zigarelli
from Tangerine Books
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$4.50 (1 in stock)
Inventors
by Martin W. Sandler
from HarperCollins
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Isaac Newton
by James Gleick
from Pantheon Books
for Adult
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$4.80 (1 in stock)
Isaac Newton and Gravity
by Steve Parker
from Chelsea House Publishing
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Isaac Newton and the Laws of Motion
by Andrea Gianopoulos
1st edition from Capstone Press
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John Audubon
Young Patriots series
by Miriam E. Mason
from Patria Press, Inc.
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$5.60 (1 in stock)
John James Audubon: Painting America's Wildlife
by Janet Stevenson, illustrated by Robert Boehmer
from Encyclopedia Britannica
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Leonardo da Vinci
by Emily Hahn
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$6.40 (1 in stock)
Librarian Who Measured the Earth
by Kathryn Lasky
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Biography for 2nd-5th grade
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$16.99 $9.60 (2 in stock)
Listening to Crickets
by Candice F. Ransom
from Carolrhoda Books, Inc.
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$4.80 (3 in stock)
Little History of Science
by William Bynum
from Yale University Press
for 8th-Adult
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$10.00 (1 in stock)
Longitude
by Dava Sobel
1st edition from Penguin Books
for 10th-Adult
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$4.00 (2 in stock)
Louis Braille
by Margaret Davidson
from Scholastic Inc.
Biography for 2nd-5th grade
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