History of Science & Mathematics

Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Accidents May Happen
by Charlotte Foltz Jones, illustrated by John O'Brien
from Delacorte Press
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in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
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Adventures of Munford: Munford Meets Robert Fulton
by Jamie Aramini
Fir from Geography Matters
for 2nd-4th grade
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All About Famous Inventors and Their Inventions
All About Books #18
by Fletcher Pratt
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Amazing Leonardo da Vinci Inventions You Can Build Yourself
by Maxine Anderson
from Nomad Press
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Amazing Life of Benjamin Franklin
by James Cross Giblin
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2001 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book
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Ancient Science
by Jim Wiese
from Jossey-Bass
for 4th-6th grade
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$9.00 (1 in stock)
Aristotle Leads the Way: Teacher's Quest Guide
by Joy Hakim
from Smithsonian Books
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$25.00 (4 in stock)
Bell and the Science of the Telephone
by Brian Williams
from Barron's
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$3.50 (2 in stock)
Benjamin Franklin
by R. Conrad Stein
from Rand McNally
Biography for 3rd-6th grade
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Benjamin Franklin's Adventures With Electricity
by Beverly Birch & Robin Bell Corfield
from Barron's
Biography for 4th-6th grade
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Benjamin Franklin: Printer, Scientist, Author, and Diplomat
Spirit of America: Our People
by Ann Heinrichs
from Child's World
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Champions of Invention
Champions of Discovery
by John Hudson Tiner
from Master Books
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$4.79 $3.50 (1 in stock)
Champions of Mathematics
by John Hudson Tiner
from Master Books
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$4.79 $3.50 (1 in stock)
Clara Barton: Civil War Nurse
Historical American Biographies
by Nancy Whitelaw
from Enslow
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Classical Acts and Facts Science Cards: Seeking to Know
2nd edition from Classical Conversations
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Did It Take Creativity to Find Relativity, Albert Einstein?
by Gilda Berger, Melvin & Gilda Berger, Melvin Berger
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Disease Fighters
by Nathan Aaseng
First Edition from Lerner Publishing Group
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$2.00 (1 in stock)
DK Biography: Albert Einstein
by Frieda Wishinsky
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DK Biography: Marie Curie
by Vicki Cobb
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DK Super Cool Tech
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Electrical Wizard
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Exploring Mars
by Roy A. Gallant, illustrated by Lowell Hess
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$9.00 (1 in stock)
Farmland Innovator
Creative Minds Biographies
by Catherine A. Welch, illustrated by Jan Naimo Jones
from Lerner Publishing Group
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Fine Print
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Biography for 4th-6th grade
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Four American Inventors
by Frances M. Perry
from Yesterday's Classics
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Genius: A Photobiography of Albert Einstein
by Marfe Ferguson Delano
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George Washington Carver
Heroes of History
by Geoff & Janet Benge
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Biography for 4th-7th grade
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George Washington Carver
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George Washington Carver: Botanist
Black Americans of Achievement
by Gene Adair, introduction by Coretta Scott King
from Chelsea House Publishing
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Germ Hunter
by Elaine Marie Alphin, Illustrated by Elaine Verstraete
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Giants of Science: Isaac Newton
by Kathleen Krull, Illustrated by Boris Kulikov
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Girls Think of Everything
by Catherine Thimmesh
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Girls Who Looked Under Rocks
by Jeannine Atkins
from Dawn Publications
Biography Anthologies for 4th-6th grade
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God's Design for the Physical World - Student Book
by Debbie & Richard Lawrence
Master Books Edition from Master Books
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Great Wheel
by Robert Lawson
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Realistic fiction for 4th-8th grade
1958 Newbery Honor Book
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Henry Ford: Young Man with Ideas
Childhood of Famous Americans
by Hazel B. Aird
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Hidden Figures: Young Reader's Edition
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History Smashers: Plagues and Pandemics
by Kate Messner
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How Ben Franklin Stole the Lightning
by Rosalyn Schanzer
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How People Learned to Move About
by Shirley Chilton, Roy Chilton, Robert Chilton; illustrated by N. Kay Stevenson and Kathleen McCarthy
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Industrial Revolution
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Inventor's Times
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Inventors
by Martin W. Sandler
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Isaac Newton and Gravity
by Steve Parker
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Isaac Newton and the Laws of Motion
by Andrea Gianopoulos
1st edition from Capstone Press
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John Audubon
Young Patriots series
by Miriam E. Mason
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Librarian Who Measured the Earth
by Kathryn Lasky
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Biography for 2nd-5th grade
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Listening to Crickets
by Candice F. Ransom
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$6.00 (3 in stock)
Louis Braille
by Margaret Davidson
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Biography for 2nd-5th grade
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Louis Braille
by Margaret Davidson
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$1.50 (1 in stock)
Marie Curie's Search for Radium
by Beverley Birch
from Barron's
Biography for 3rd-6th grade
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Mathematicians Are People, Too: Volume Two
by Luetta and Wilbert Reimer
1st edition from Dale Seymour Publications
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Medical Technology: Inventing the Instruments
by Robert Mulcahy
from The Oliver Press, Inc.
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Men of Science, Men of God
by Henry Morris
2nd edition from Master Books
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$2.00 (2 in stock)
Men of Science, Men of God
by Henry Morris
2nd edition from Master Books
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Michelangelo
by Diane Stanley
from HarperCollins
Picture Book Biography for 2nd-4th grade
2001 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book
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Mistakes That Worked
by Charlotte Foltz Jones
from Delacorte Press
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Mountain Man and the President
by David L. Weitzman
from Steck-Vaughn Company
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New Way Things Work
by David Macaulay & Neil Ardley
2nd edition from Houghton Mifflin
for 4th-10th grade
in How Things Work (Location: SCIREF-HOW)
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Nibbling on Einstein's Brain
by Diane Swanson
from Annick Press
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$5.00 (1 in stock)
Numbers Old and New
The Reason Why Series
by Irving and Ruth Adler, illustrated by Peggy Adler
from The John Day Company
for 2nd-5th grade
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Ordinary Genius
by Stephanie McPherson
from Lerner Publishing Group
Biography for 4th-6th grade
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Out of Darkness
by Russell Freedman
from Clarion Books
Biography for 4th-6th grade
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$11.99 $6.00 (2 in stock)
Pasteur's Fight Against Microbes
by Beverly Birch
from Barron's
Biography for 3rd-6th grade
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Pioneer Astronomers
by Navin Sullivan
from Scholastic Inc.
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$3.00 (1 in stock)
Rachel Carson
by Melissa Stewart
from Ferguson Publishing Company
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Railroad
Inventions That Shaped the World
by John Matthews
from Franklin Watts
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
Real Johnny Appleseed
by Laurie Lawlor
from Albert Whitman & Company
Biography for Ages 9-12
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$6.00 (1 in stock)
Robotics
from Nomad Press
for 4th-6th grade
in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
$9.00 (2 in stock)
Science in Ancient Rome
by Jacqueline Harris
from Children's Press
for 4th-8th grade
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$4.50 (1 in stock)
Science in Colonial America
by Brendan January
from Children's Press
for 4th-6th grade
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$5.00 (2 in stock)
Science in Colonial America
by Brendan January
from Children's Press
for 4th-6th grade
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$7.00 (2 in stock)
Sky Pioneers
by Jeanne LeMonnier Gardner, illustrated by Douglas Gorsline
from Harcourt, Brace & World
for 3rd-6th grade
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$5.00 (1 in stock)
So You Want To Be an Inventor?
by Judith St. George & David Small
from Philomel Books
for 4th-7th grade
in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
$9.00 (1 in stock)
Starry Messenger
by Peter Sis
1st edition from Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Picture Book Biography for 1st-4th grade
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$8.00 (1 in stock)
Story of Clara Barton
by Zachary Kent, illustrated by Ralph Canaday
from Children's Press
for 4th-6th grade
in Cornerstones of Freedom (Location: VIN-CORN)
$4.00 (1 in stock)
Story of Clocks and Calendars
by Betsy & Giulio Maestro
Reprint from HarperCollins
for 3rd-8th grade
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$9.99 $6.00 (2 in stock)
Story of Eli Whitney
by Jean Lee Latham
from Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd.
for 4th-8th grade
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$6.00 (3 in stock)
Story of Eli Whitney
by Jean Lee Latham
Second Edition from Avyx, Inc.
for 4th-8th grade
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$6.00 (1 in stock)
Story of Jonas Salk
by Jim Hargrove
from Children's Press
for 3rd-4th grade
in Cornerstones of Freedom (Location: VIN-CORN)
$5.00 (2 in stock)
Story of Science
by Anna Claybourne, illustrated by Adam Larkum
from Usborne
for 3rd-6th grade
in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
$10.00 (1 in stock)
Story of Science
by Anna Claybourne, illustrated by Adam Larkum
from Usborne
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$7.50 (1 in stock)
Story of Thomas Alva Edison, Inventor
Scholastic Biographies
by Margaret Davidson
from Scholastic Inc.
for 4th-7th grade
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$2.50 (1 in stock)
Take a Number
by Jeanne Bendick, illustrated by Marcia Levin
from Whittlesey House
for 2nd-4th grade
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$18.00 (1 in stock)
Taller Than Bandai Mountain
by Dan D'Amelio, illustrated by Fred Banbery
from Viking Press
for 3rd-6th grade
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$20.00 (1 in stock)
Thomas Edison for Kids
by Laurie Carlson
from Chicago Review Press
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in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
$19.99 $9.00 (1 in stock)
Thomas Edison: The Great American Inventor
Solutions: Profiles in Science for Young People
by Louise Egan
from Barron's
for 4th-6th grade
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$4.00 (2 in stock)
Thomas Harriot
by Ralph Staiger
1st edition from Clarion Books
for 4th-6th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$7.50 (2 in stock)
Usborne Book of Inventors
by Patricia Fara, Struan Reid
from Scholastic Inc.
for 3rd-6th grade
in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
$3.50 (1 in stock)
Usborne Book of Inventors
by Patricia Fara, Struan Reid
from EDC Publishing
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in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV)
$5.00 (1 in stock)
Usborne History of Science in 100 Pictures
by Abigail Wheatley, illustrated by Ian McNee
from Usborne
for 2nd-5th grade
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$6.00 (1 in stock)
We'll Race You, Henry
by Barbara Mitchell
from Carolrhoda Books, Inc.
for 3rd-5th grade
in Biographies (Location: BIO)
$4.00 (1 in stock)
We'll Race You, Henry
by Barbara Mitchell
from Carolrhoda Books, Inc.
for 3rd-5th grade
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$4.00 (1 in stock)
What Are You Figuring Now?
by Jeri Ferris
from Harcourt, Brace & Company
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$6.00 (1 in stock)
What's the Big Idea Ben Franklin?
by Jean Fritz
from Scholastic Inc.
for 4th-6th grade
in New Nation (1783-1801) (Location: HISA-18NN)
$2.00 (1 in stock)
What's the Big Idea, Ben Franklin?
by Jean Fritz
from PaperStar Books
for 4th-6th grade
in New Nation (1783-1801) (Location: HISA-18NN)
$6.99 $3.50 (4 in stock)
What's the Big Idea, Ben Franklin?
by Jean Fritz
from PaperStar Books
for 2nd-6th grade
in New Nation (1783-1801) (Location: HISA-18NN)
$3.50 (1 in stock)
Who Invented This?
by Anne Ameri-Siemens, illustrated by Becky Thorns, translated by David Henry Wilson
from Little Gestalten
for 2nd-5th grade
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$12.00 (1 in stock)
Who Was Albert Einstein?
Who Was?...Series
by Jess Braillier
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 3rd-6th grade
in Who Was? biographies (Location: BIO-WHO)
$6.99 $3.00 (1 in stock)
Who Was Ben Franklin?
Who Was?...Series
by Dennis Brindell Fradin
from Grosset & Dunlap
for 3rd-7th grade
in Who Was? biographies (Location: BIO-WHO)
$3.50 (1 in stock)
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