History of Science & Mathematics

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Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Anthropology

Cultural History

History of Science & Mathematics

History of Science & Mathematics

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History of Medicine

- Doctors & Nurses

Inventions & Discoveries

Joy Hakim's Story of Science

Scientists, Naturalists & Inventors

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9th grade (Ages 14-15),

Used Books & Materials

	Apollo on the Moon by Henry S. F. Cooper, Jr. from Dial Press for 6th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Aristotle Leads the Way - Student's Quest Guide by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 8th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.50 (4 in stock)
	Aristotle Leads the Way: Teacher's Quest Guide for Story of Science Book 1 by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 4th-10th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $25.00 (4 in stock)
	Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Dover Thrift Editions by Benjamin Franklin from Dover Publications for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $9.00 $4.50 (1 in stock)
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	Carry On, Mr. Bowditch by Jean Lee Latham, illustrated by John O'Hara Cosgrave II from Houghton Mifflin Biography for 5th-9th grade 1956 Newbery Medal winner in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC) $20.00 (1 in stock)
	Carver: A Life In Poems by Marilyn Nelson 1^st edition from Scholastic Inc. for 6th-10th grade 2002 Newbery Honor Book in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Carver: A Life in Poems by Marilyn Nelson from Wordsong for 7th-11th grade 2002 Newbery Honor Book, Coretta Scott King Honor Award in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (1 in stock)
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	Discovery Great Moments in the Lives of Outstanding Naturalists by John K. Terres First Ediition from J.B. Lippincott Co. for 9th-Adult in Biography Anthologies (Location: BIO-ANTH) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	DK Chemistry Book from DK Publishing for 9th-Adult in Chemistry (Location: SCI-CHEM) $12.00 (1 in stock)
	Encyclopedia of Science and Technology by James Trefil from Routledge for 7th-Adult in Science Reference (Location: SCIREF) $4.50 (1 in stock)
	Exploring the History of Medicine From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $15.19 $9.50 (2 in stock)
	Exploring the World of Mathematics From Ancient Record Keeping to the Latest Advances in Computers Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 6th-10th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $15.19 $9.50 (1 in stock)
	Exploring the World of Mathematics - Supplemental Questions by Cooper Boldrick 2^nd edition from Memoria Press for 6th-10th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $6.20 $3.50 (1 in stock)
	Exploring the World of Mathematics - Teacher Key & Tests by Cooper Boldrick 2^nd edition from Memoria Press for 6th-10th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $9.25 $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Genius by Marfe Ferguson Delano from National Geographic for 5th-9th grade 2006 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book in Biographies (Location: BIO) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Great Inventions Geniuses and Gizmos: Innovation in Our Time from Time Inc. for 7th-10th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Great Lives: Invention and Technology by Milton Lomask from Atheneum for 9th-12th grade in Biography Anthologies (Location: BIO-ANTH) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Great Scientists in Bite-Sized Chunks by Nicola Chalton and Meredith MacArdle from MJF Books for 6th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Icons of Invention: American Patent Models by Barbara Janssen from Smithsonian Books for 7th-Adult in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Isaac Newton Inventor, Scientist, and Teacher Sowers Series by John Hudson Tiner from Mott Media Biography for 7th-9th grade in Sowers Biographies (Location: BIO-SOW) $5.00 (2 in stock)
	John James Audubon: Painting America's Wildlife by Janet Stevenson, illustrated by Robert Boehmer from Encyclopedia Britannica for 7th-10th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $12.00 (1 in stock)
	Little History of Science by William Bynum from Yale University Press for 8th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $10.00 (1 in stock)
	Man Who Changed How Boys and Toys Were Made The Life and Times of A. C. Gilbert, the Man Who Saved Christmas by Bruce Watson from Penguin Books for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $7.00 (1 in stock)
	Medicine and Society in America Perspectives on History Series by Jennifer Hanson, editor from History Compass Non-fiction for 6th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $3.00 (1 in stock)
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	New Way Things Work by David Macaulay & Neil Ardley 2^nd edition from Houghton Mifflin for 4th-10th grade in How Things Work (Location: SCIREF-HOW) $9.50 (1 in stock)
	On Call Jaffray Collection of Missionary Portraits by David C. Thompson, MD from Christian Publications, Inc. Biography for 8th-10th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	People, Places, Things, Ideas - 4 Volume Set from Hawthorn Books, Inc. for 9th-Adult in Vintage Nonfiction (Location: VIN-NFIC) $32.00 (1 in stock)
	Phineas Gage A Gruesome but True Story About Brain Science by John Fleischman from Houghton Mifflin for 6th-10th grade 2003 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book in History of Medicine (Location: SCI-HIS) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Piece of the Mountain Story of Blaise Pascal by Joyce McPherson from Greenleaf Press Biography for 5th-9th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Railroad Inventions That Shaped the World by John Matthews from Franklin Watts for 4th-9th grade in History of Railroads (Location: HISA-19TRR) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Runner of the Mountain Tops The Life of Louis Agassiz by Mabel Louise Robinson, illustrated by Lynd Ward 1st Printing from Random House for 7th-10th grade 1940 Newbery Honor Book in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC) $10.00 (1 in stock)
	Science Timeline Wallbook Unfold the Story of Science From the Stone Age to the Present Day! by Christopher Lloyd, illustrated by Andy Forshaw from What on Earth Publishing for 6th-12th grade in Timeline Resources (Location: HISRF-TIM) $9.50 (1 in stock)
	Story of Science Book 2 Newton at the Center by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $27.95 $17.50 (1 in stock)
	Story of Science Book 3 Einstein Adds a New Dimension by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $27.95 $17.50 (1 in stock)
	Student's Quest Guide for Joy Hakim's The Story of Science: Newton at the Center by Johns Hopkins University Student from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Teacher's Quest Guide for Joy Hakim's The Story of Science: Newton at the Center by Johns Hopkins University Spi Tch from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $25.00 (3 in stock)
	Trailblazer of American Science The Life of Joseph Henry by Sarah R. Riedman Printing 'B' from Rand McNally for 7th-12th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
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	Women in Science 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World by Rachel Ignotofsky from Ten Speed Press for 4th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Wright Brothers by David McCullough First American Condition from Simon & Schuster Macmillan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $15.00 (2 in stock)

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