History of Science & Mathematics

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Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Parent Categories

Anthropology

Cultural History

History of Science & Mathematics

History of Science & Mathematics

Subcategories

History of Medicine

- Doctors & Nurses

Inventions & Discoveries

Joy Hakim's Story of Science

Scientists, Naturalists & Inventors

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8th grade (Ages 13-14),

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In-Stock Books & Materials

	Albert Einstein and the Theory of Relativity Solutions: Profiles in Science for Young People by Robert Cwiklik from Barron's for 5th-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $4.50 (1 in stock)
	Along Came Galileo by Jeanne Bendick from Beautiful Feet Books Biography for 4th-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $13.95
	Archimedes and the Door of Science by Jeanne Bendick from Bethlehem Books Biography for 5th-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $14.95 $9.50 (1 in stock)
	Aristotle Leads the Way - Student's Quest Guide by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 8th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.50 (4 in stock)
	Aristotle Leads the Way: Teacher's Quest Guide for Story of Science Book 1 by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 4th-10th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $25.00 (4 in stock)
	Biography of Benjamin Franklin An American Genius Sons of Liberty Series by William M. Thayer from A Beka Books for 5th-9th grade in A Beka Book Report books (Location: REA-ABK) $9.50 (1 in stock)
	Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (Young Reader's Edition) by William Kamkwamba & Bryan Mealer from Rocky Pond Books for 4th-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $9.99
	Carry On, Mr. Bowditch by Jean Lee Latham from Houghton Mifflin Biography for 5th-9th grade 1956 Newbery Medal winner in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF) $15.99
	Carver: A Life in Poems by Marilyn Nelson from Wordsong for 7th-11th grade 2002 Newbery Honor Book, Coretta Scott King Honor Award in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Champions of Invention Champions of Discovery by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 4th-8th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $4.79 $3.50 (1 in stock)
	Champions of Science Champions of Discovery by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 4th-8th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $4.79
	David Livingstone Man of Prayer and Action by C. Silvester Horne from Christian Liberty Press Biography for 7th-10th grade in Clearance: Biographies (Location: ZCLE-BIO) $8.23
	Evolution of Useful Things How everyday artifacts - from forks and pins to paper clips and zippers - came to be as they are by Henry Petroski from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. for 7th-Adult in Everyday Life in History (Location: HISV-EVERY) $17.00
	Exploring the History of Medicine From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $15.19 $9.50 (2 in stock)
	Exploring the History of Medicine - Set From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $29.27
	Exploring the World of Mathematics From Ancient Record Keeping to the Latest Advances in Computers Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 6th-10th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $15.19 $9.50 (1 in stock)
	Galen and the Gateway to Medicine by Jeanne Bendick from Bethlehem Books Biography for 5th-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $14.95 $9.50 (2 in stock)
	Germ Hunter A Story about Louis Pasteur by Elaine Marie Alphin, Illustrated by Elaine Verstraete from First Avenue Editions for 3rd-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $5.00 (2 in stock)
	Great Wheel by Robert Lawson from Walker and Company Realistic fiction for 4th-8th grade 1958 Newbery Honor Book in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF) $9.99 $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Industrial Revolution Investigate How Science and Technology Changed the World - with 25 Projects by Carla Mooney from Nomad Press for 2nd-8th grade in Industrialization & Organized Labor (Location: HISA-19IND) $15.95 $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Isaac Newton Inventor, Scientist, and Teacher Sowers Series by John Hudson Tiner from Mott Media Biography for 7th-9th grade in Sowers Biographies (Location: BIO-SOW) $5.00 (2 in stock)
	Isaac Newton by Mitch Stokes from Thomas Nelson Publishers for 7th-Adult in Christian Encounters (Location: BIO-CE) $12.00
	Medicine and Society in America Perspectives on History Series by Jennifer Hanson, editor from History Compass Non-fiction for 6th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $3.00 (1 in stock)
	Men of Science, Men of God Great Scientists Who Believed the Bible by Henry Morris 2^nd edition from Master Books for 4th-8th grade in Clearance: Science & Health (Location: ZCLE-SCI) $2.00 (2 in stock)
	Men of Science, Men of God Great Scientists Who Believed the Bible by Henry Morris 2^nd edition from Master Books for 4th-8th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $9.99 $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Michael Faraday Father of Electronics by Charles Ludwig from Herald Press Biography for 5th-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $14.99
	Mystery of the Periodic Table by Benjamin Wiker from Bethlehem Books for 5th-8th grade in Chemistry (Location: SCI-CHEM) $15.95
	On Call Jaffray Collection of Missionary Portraits by David C. Thompson, MD from Christian Publications, Inc. Biography for 8th-10th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Phineas Gage A Gruesome but True Story About Brain Science by John Fleischman from Houghton Mifflin for 6th-10th grade 2003 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book in History of Medicine (Location: SCI-HIS) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Piece of the Mountain Story of Blaise Pascal by Joyce McPherson from Greenleaf Press Biography for 5th-9th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Railroad Inventions That Shaped the World by John Matthews from Franklin Watts for 4th-9th grade in History of Railroads (Location: HISA-19TRR) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Samuel F. B. Morse Sowers Series by John Hudson Tiner from Mott Media Biography for 6th-8th grade in Sowers Biographies (Location: BIO-SOW) $8.99 $5.00 (2 in stock)
	Science in Ancient Rome by Jacqueline Harris from Children's Press for 4th-8th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $4.50 (1 in stock)
	Story of Clocks and Calendars by Betsy & Giulio Maestro Reprint from HarperCollins for 3rd-8th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $9.99 $6.00 (2 in stock)
	Story of Eli Whitney by Jean Lee Latham from Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. for 4th-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (3 in stock)
	Story of Eli Whitney by Jean Lee Latham Second Edition from Avyx, Inc. for 4th-8th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Student's Quest Guide for Joy Hakim's The Story of Science: Newton at the Center by Johns Hopkins University Student from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Wright Brothers How They Invented the Airplane by Russell Freedman from Holiday House Biography for 5th-8th grade 1992 Newbery Honor Book in Aviation History (Location: HISV-AVIA) $16.99

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