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New Nation (1783-1800)

The thirteen American colonies began a rebellion against British rule in 1775 and proclaimed their independence in 1776. They subsequently constituted the first thirteen states of the United States of America, which became a nation in 1781 with the ratification of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union. The 1783 Treaty of Paris represented Great Britain's formal acknowledgement of the United States as an independent nation.

The United States defeated Great Britain with help from France and Spain in the American Revolutionary War. The colonists' victory at Saratoga in 1777 led the French into an open alliance with the United States. In 1781, a combined American and French Army, acting with the support of a French fleet, captured a large British army led by General Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. The surrender of General Cornwallis ended serious British efforts to find a military solution to their American problem.

Seymour Martin Lipset points out that "The United States was the first major colony successfully to revolt against colonial rule. In this sense, it was the first 'new nation.'" On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress, still meeting in Philadelphia, declared the independence of "the United States of America" in the Declaration of Independence. Although the states were still independent entities and not yet formally bound in a legal union, July 4 is celebrated as the nation's birthday. The new nation was dedicated to principles of republicanism, which emphasized civic duty and a fear of corruption and hereditary aristocracy.

In its earliest forms, the United States government was far from cohesive. A series of attempts to outline and press reforms culminated in the Congress calling the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The structure of the national government was profoundly changed on March 4, 1789, when the American people replaced the Articles of Confederation with the Constitution. The new government reflected a radical break from the normative governmental structures of the time, favoring representative, elective government with a weak executive, rather than the existing monarchical structures common within the western traditions of the time.

The system of republicanism borrowed heavily from Enlightenment Age ideas and classical western philosophy in that a primacy was placed upon individual liberty and upon constraining the power of government through division of powers and a system of checks and balances. Additionally, the Bill of Rights was ratified on December 15, 1791 to guarantee individual liberties such as freedom of speech and religious practice and consisted of the first ten amendments of the Constitution. John Jay was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, whose membership was established by the Judiciary Act of 1789; the first Supreme Court session was held in New York City on February 1, 1790. In 1803, the Court case Marbury v. Madison made the Court the sole arbiter of constitutionality of federal law.

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1776
by David McCullough
from Simon and Schuster
for 10th-Adult
in American Revolution (1765-1783) (Location: G3D-HIS)
$14.00
Abigail Adams
by Natalie S. Bober
from Simon Pulse
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$13.95 $8.00 (1 in stock)
Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr
Landmark #85
by Russel & Anna Crouse
from Random House
for 5th-9th grade
America Grows Up
by Gerald Johnston
from William Morrow & Company
for 4th-7th grade
in New Nation (1783-1800) (Location: G3E-HIS)
America is Born
by Gerald W. Johnson
from William Morrow & Company
for 4th-7th grade
in New Nation (1783-1800) (Location: G3E-HIS)
America's Christian Heritage
by Gary DeMar
from Broadman & Holman
American History Reference for 9th-Adult
in America's Christian Heritage (Location: G7D-HIS)
$4.00 (1 in stock)
American History for Young Students I
by Michelle Miller
from TruthQuest History
History Curriculum for 1st-5th grade
in TruthQuest History (Location: F8C-HIS)
$24.95 $17.50 (1 in stock)
American History Stories Volume 2
by Mara L. Pratt
from Yesterday's Classics
for 3rd-6th grade
in Yesterday's Classics (Location: L5A-FIC)
$9.95
American History Stories Volume 3
by Mara L. Pratt
from Yesterday's Classics
for 3rd-6th grade
in Yesterday's Classics (Location: L5A-FIC)
$9.95
Barbary Pirates
Sterling Point Books
by C. S. Forester
from Sterling Publishing Co.
Naval History for 5th-8th grade
in Pirates
$4.50 (1 in stock)
Beginning of the Republic
A Basic History of the United States Volume 2
by Clarence B. Carson
from American Textbook Committee
American History Reference for 9th-Adult
in Basic History of the United States (Location: F4A-HIS)
$14.00
Ben Franklin of Old Philadelphia
Landmark Series
by Margaret Cousins
from Random House
Biography for 5th-8th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
Benjamin Franklin
Heroes of History
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from Emerald Books
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Heroes of History (Location: N7A-BIO)
$9.99
Benjamin Franklin
TIME for Kids Biographies
by Editors of TIME For Kids
from HarperCollins
Biography for 4th-6th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$2.00 (1 in stock)
Benjamin Franklin, American Genius
by Brandon Marie Miller
from Chicago Review Press
for 4th-6th grade
in Colonial America (1690-1765) (Location: G3C-HIS)
Betsy Ross
by Alexandra Wallner
from Holiday House
for 2nd-6th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$6.50 (1 in stock)
Biography of George Washington
Sons of Liberty Series
by William M. Thayer
from A Beka Books
for 5th-9th grade
in A Beka Book Report books (Location: E-REA)
Brown Paper School USKids History: Book of the New American Nation
by Howard Egger-Bovet, Marlene Smith-Baranzini
First Edition from Little, Brown & Company
for 3rd-8th grade
in New Nation (1783-1800) (Location: G3E-HIS)
$8.00 (1 in stock)
Cabin Faced West
by Jean Fritz
from Puffin Books
Historical fiction for 4th-6th grade
in Realistic Fiction (Location: FIC-REA)
$6.99
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
by Jean Lee Latham
from Houghton Mifflin
Biography for 5th-9th grade
1956 Newbery Medal winner
in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF)
$7.99
Carry On, Mr. Bowditch
by Jean Lee Latham
from Houghton Mifflin
Biography for 5th-9th grade
1956 Newbery Medal winner
in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF)
$4.00 (1 in stock)
Christianity and the Constitution
by John Eidsmoe
from Baker Academics
for Adult
$25.00 $15.00 (1 in stock)
Cobblestone Magazine: Thomas Jefferson
from Cobblestone Publishing
for 4th-8th grade
in American Revolution (1765-1783) (Location: G3D-HIS)
$1.25 (1 in stock)
Constitution of the United States of America
by Founding Fathers
from Applewood Books
Primary Source Documents for 9th-Adult
in 18th Century Literature (Location: MLIT5-18)
$8.46
Declaration of Independence
We the People
by Michael Burgan
from Compass Point Books
for 4th-6th grade
in American Revolution (1765-1783) (Location: G3D-HIS)
$3.50 (1 in stock)
Declaration of Independence and Other Great Documents of American History
Dover Thrift Editions
by John Grafton, editor
from Dover Publications
Primary Source Documents for 9th-Adult
in 18th Century Literature (Location: MLIT5-18)
$4.00
Dolly Madison
Landmark #47
by Jane Mayer
from Random House
for 5th-9th grade
$12.00 (1 in stock)
Early American History for Intermediate Grades
by Rea Berg
2nd edition from Beautiful Feet Books
for 4th-6th grade
in Beautiful Feet Books (Location: F4D-HIS)
$16.96 $12.00 (1 in stock)
For You They Signed
by Marilyn Boyer
from Master Books
for 3rd-8th grade
in America's Christian Heritage (Location: G7D-HIS)
$20.00
Founding of the United States 1763-1815
by Gerry Souter, Janet Souter
for 4th-8th grade
in New Nation (1783-1800) (Location: G3E-HIS)
$10.00 (1 in stock)
From Colonies to Country with George Washington - Book Only
My American Journey
by Deborah Hedstrom
from Multnomah Books
in American Revolution (1765-1783) (Location: G3D-HIS)
$2.00 (1 in stock)
George Washington
by Verna Hall
from Foundation for American Christian Education
Biography for 10th-Adult
in Principle Approach (Location: P2)
$42.95
George Washington
Heroes of History
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from Emerald Books
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Heroes of History (Location: N7A-BIO)
$9.99
George Washington - Audio Book
Heroes of History
by Geoff & Janet Benge
from Emerald Books
Biography for 4th-7th grade
in Heroes of History (Location: N7A-BIO)
George Washington - Coloring Book
Dover Coloring Books
by Peter F. Copeland
from Dover Publications
for 2nd-6th grade
in Dover Coloring Books (Location: R-DOVER)
$4.99
Golden Book History of the United States Volume 4
from Golden Press
for 4th-8th grade
History of US Book 3
History of US Book 3
by Joy Hakim
3rd Revised Edition from Oxford University
American History Reference for 5th-9th grade
in History of US (Location: G7F-HIS)
$15.95 $11.00 (3 in stock)
History of US Book 4
History of US Book 4
by Joy Hakim
3rd Revised Edition from Oxford University
American History Reference for 5th-9th grade
in History of US (Location: G7F-HIS)
$15.95 $11.00 (1 in stock)
If You Were There When They Signed the Constitution
If You Were There
by Elizabeth Levy
from Scholastic Inc.
Non-Fiction for 2nd-5th grade
in New Nation (1783-1800) (Location: G3E-HIS)
$7.99 $4.00 (1 in stock)
John & Abigail Adams
by Judith St. George
1st edition from Scholastic Inc.
for 6th-10th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$4.50 (1 in stock)
John Adams
by David McCullough
from Simon and Schuster
for Adult
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$12.00
John Audubon
Young Patriots series
by Miriam E. Mason
from Patria Press, Inc.
for 4th-6th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$9.95
John, Paul, George & Ben
by Lane Smith
1st edition from Hyperion/Madison Press
for Preschool-3rd grade
in Biography Anthologies (Location: O2F)
$9.00 (1 in stock)
Liberty Bell
Primary Sources of American Symbols
by Jennifer Silate
1st edition from PowerKids Press
for 3rd-6th grade
$5.00 (1 in stock)
Life of George Washington
by Mary Williamson
from Christian Liberty Press
Biography for 7th-10th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$9.50 $6.00 (2 in stock)
Life of Washington
by Josephine Pollard
from Beautiful Feet Books
Biography for 3rd-8th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$9.31 $7.50 (2 in stock)
Life of Washington
by Anna Reed
from New Leaf Press
for 10th-Adult
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$16.99
Making It Go: The Life and Work of Robert Fulton
by Don Herweck
from Teacher Created Materials, Inc.
for 4th-6th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$7.00
Meet Andrew Jackson
by Ormonde de Kay
from Random House
for Kindergarten-2nd
Meet George Washington
by Joan Heilbroner
from Random House
Biography for 3rd-6th grade
in Biographies (Location: O1A-BIO)
$4.99 $3.00 (3 in stock)
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