History of Science & Mathematics

Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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3-D Engineering
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Albert Einstein: Young Thinker
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Benjamin Franklin
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Benjamin Franklin: Printer, Scientist, Author, and Diplomat
Spirit of America: Our People
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Benjamin Franklin: Young Printer
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Changing Times: Health & Disease
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Clara Barton: Civil War Nurse
Historical American Biographies
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Classical Acts and Facts Science Cards: Famous Scientists (old)
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DK Biography: Marie Curie
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DK Super Cool Tech
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Doctor Like Papa
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Electrical Wizard
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Eureka! It's Television!
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Exploring Mars
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Five Notable Inventors
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Giants of Science: Isaac Newton
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Girls Think of Everything
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Go Figure! A Totally Cool Book About Numbers
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Great Minds of Science: Galileo
Great Minds of Science
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Henry Ford
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Henry Ford: Young Man with Ideas
Childhood of Famous Americans
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History of Science (old)
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How Ben Franklin Stole the Lightning
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How People Learned to Move About
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Industrial Revolution
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Isaac Newton and the Laws of Motion
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Librarian Who Measured the Earth
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Listening to Crickets
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Marie Curie
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Marie Curie's Search for Radium
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Numbers Old and New
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Pasteur's Fight Against Microbes
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Samuel Morse and the Telegraph
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Story of Science
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Story of Science
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Take a Number
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Taller Than Bandai Mountain
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Thomas Edison: Inventor
Spirit of America: Our People
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Usborne History of Science in 100 Pictures
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We'll Race You, Henry
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We'll Race You, Henry
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What's Inside? Great Inventions
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What's the Big Idea, Ben Franklin?
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Who Invented This?
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Who Was Charles Darwin?
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Who Was George Washington Carver?
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Wilbur and Orville Wright: Young Fliers
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William Harvey
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Wonderful World of Mathematics
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Wright Brothers
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Wright Brothers At Kitty Hawk
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