History of Science & Mathematics

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Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Parent Categories

Anthropology

Cultural History

History of Science & Mathematics

History of Science & Mathematics

Subcategories

History of Medicine

- Doctors & Nurses

Inventions & Discoveries

Scientists, Naturalists & Inventors

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11th grade (Ages 16-17),

In-Stock Books & Materials

	Apollo on the Moon by Henry S. F. Cooper, Jr. from Dial Press for 6th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Aristotle Leads the Way - Student's Quest Guide by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 8th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.50 (2 in stock)
	Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Dover Thrift Editions by Benjamin Franklin from Dover Publications for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 $2.50 (1 in stock)
	Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin World's Greatest Literature by Benjamin Franklin from Spencer Press for 9th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Beginnings of Modern Science by Holmes Boynton, editor from Walter J. Black, Inc. for 11th-Adult in Walter J. Black Classics Club (Location: VIN-LITWJB) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Benjamin Franklin by Carl Van Doren from Library of America for 10th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $14.00 (1 in stock)
	Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography and Other Writings Signet Classics by Benjamin Franklin Reprint from Signet Classics Autobiography for 9th-Adult in 18th Century Literature (Location: LIT5-18) $5.95
	Birth of the New Physics by I. Bernard Cohen Revised and Updated from W. W. Norton and Co. for 11th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Blockhead: The Life of Fibonacci by Romola Anderson, R. C. Anderson 1^st edition from Henry Holt and Company for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $19.99
	Boy Who Harnessed the Wind Creating Currents of Electricity and Hope by Bryan Mealer, William Kamkwamba from Harper Perennial for 10th-Adult in 20th & 21st Century Literature (Location: LIT7-20) $15.99
	Carver: A Life in Poems by Marilyn Nelson from Boyds Mill Press for 7th-11th grade 2002 Newbery Honor Book, Coretta Scott King Honor Award in Biographies (Location: BIO) $16.95
	Chord of Steel The Story of the Invention of the Telephone by Thomas B. Costain from Doubleday & Company for 8th-Adult in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Collector, The David Douglas and the Natural History of the Northwest by Jack Nisbet from Sasquatch Books for 10th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $10.00 (1 in stock)
	Discovery Great Moments in the Lives of Outstanding Naturalists by John K. Terres First Ediition from J.B. Lippincott Co. for 9th-Adult in Biography Anthologies (Location: BIO-ANTH) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Encyclopedia of Science and Technology by James Trefil from Routledge for 7th-Adult in Science Reference (Location: SCIREF) $4.50 (1 in stock)
	Exploring the History of Medicine From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $15.19 $9.50 (3 in stock)
	Exploring the History of Medicine - Set From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $28.85
	Five Equations that Changed the World The Power and Poetry of Mathematics by Michael Guillen from Hyperion Press for 9th-Adult in Math Reference & Teaching Aids (Location: MATR-TA) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Gifted Hands by M.D. Ben Carson Reprinted from Zondervan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $18.99 $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Great Physicists from Galileo to Einstein by George Gamow from Dover Publications Biography for 9th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $16.95
	Great Scientists in Bite-Sized Chunks by Nicola Chalton and Meredith MacArdle from MJF Books for 6th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Icons of Invention: American Patent Models from Smithsonian Books for 7th-Adult in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Longitude by Dava Sobel 1^st edition from Penguin Books for 10th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Man Who Changed How Boys and Toys Were Made The Life and Times of A. C. Gilbert, the Man Who Saved Christmas by Bruce Watson from Penguin Books for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $7.00 (1 in stock)
	Microbe Hunters by Paul De Kruif from Purple House Press for 10th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $12.99
	Miracle in the Hills by Mary T. Martin Sloop with Legette Blythe from McGraw-Hill for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $10.00 $7.00 (1 in stock)
	My First Summer in the Sierra by John Muir from Gibbs M. Smith for 9th-Adult in 19th Century Literature (Location: LIT6-19) $16.95
	One Giant Leap Iconic and Inspiring Space Race Inventions that Shaped History by Charles Pappas from Lyons Press for 9th-Adult in Space Race & Exploration (Location: HISA-20SPR) $13.00 (1 in stock)
	Pasteur and the Invisible Giants by Edward F. Dolan, Jr. from Dodd, Mead & Co. for 8th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	People, Places, Things, Ideas - 4 Volume Set from Hawthorn Books, Inc. for 9th-Adult in Vintage Nonfiction (Location: VIN-NFIC) $32.00 (1 in stock)
	Planets, The by Dava Sobel from Viking Press for 10th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	PLP: Advanced Pre-Med Studies - Package from Master Books for 10th-12th grade in Master Books Science (Location: SCICUR-MB)
	PLP: Survey of Science History & Concepts - Package from Master Books for 10th-12th grade in Master Books Science (Location: SCICUR-MB)
	PLP: Survey of Science History & Concepts - Parent Lesson Planner from Master Books for 10th-12th grade in Master Books Science (Location: SCICUR-MB) $13.20
	PLP: Survey of Science History & Concepts - Parent Lesson Planner from Master Books for 10th-12th grade in Master Books Science (Location: SCICUR-MB) $14.00 (1 in stock)
	Soul of Science Christian Faith and Natural Philosophy Turning Point Christian Worldview by Nancy Pearcey & Charles Thaxton from Crossway Books for 10th-Adult in Faith & Science (Location: XAP-SCI) $17.00
	Story of Science - Set by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 7th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
	Story of Western Science From the Writings of Aristotle to the Big Bang Theory by Susan Wise Bauer from W. W. Norton and Co. for 11th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $26.95
	Trailblazer of American Science The Life of Joseph Henry by Sarah R. Riedman Printing 'B' from Rand McNally for 7th-12th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Twelve Seconds to the Moon A Story of the Wright Brothers by Rosamond Young & Catharine Fitzgerald 2^nd edition from Air Force Museum Foundation, Inc. for 7th-Adult in Aviation History (Location: HISV-AVIA) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Voyager Out The Life of Mary Kingsley by Katherine Frank 1^st edition from Ballantine Books for 11th-Adult in History for Adults (Location: ADU-HIS) $2.00 (1 in stock)
	Women in Science 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World by Rachel Ignotofsky from Ten Speed Press for 4th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Wright Brothers by David McCullough Reprint from Simon & Schuster Macmillan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $17.00
	Wright Brothers by David McCullough First American Condition from Simon & Schuster Macmillan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $15.00 (2 in stock)

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