History of Science & Mathematics

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Science is a body of empirical, theoretical, and practical knowledge about the natural world, produced by a global community of researchers making use of scientific methods, which emphasize the observation, experimentation and explanation of real world phenomena. Given the dual status of science as objective knowledge and as a human construct, good historiography of science draws on the historical methods of both intellectual history and social history. While empirical investigations of the natural world have been described since antiquity, and scientific methods have been employed since the Middle Ages, the dawn of modern science is generally traced back to the early modern period, during what is known as the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Scientific methods are considered to be so fundamental to modern science that some—especially philosophers of science and practicing scientists—consider earlier inquiries into nature to be pre-scientific. Traditionally, historians of science have defined science sufficiently broadly to include those inquiries.

The area of study known as the history of mathematics is primarily an investigation into the origin of new discoveries in mathematics. To a lesser extent it isan investigation into the standard mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. All of these texts concern the so-called Pythagorean theorem, which seems to be the most ancient and widespread mathematical development after basic arithmetic and geometry. One striking feature of the history of ancient and medieval mathematics is that bursts of mathematical development were often followed by centuries of stagnation. Beginning in Renaissance Italy in the 16th century, new mathematical developments, interacting with new scientific discoveries, were made at an ever increasing pace, and this continues to the present day.

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Anthropology

Cultural History

History of Science & Mathematics

History of Science & Mathematics

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History of Medicine

- Doctors & Nurses

Inventions & Discoveries

Scientists, Naturalists & Inventors

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9th grade (Ages 14-15),

In-Stock Books & Materials

	Apollo on the Moon by Henry S. F. Cooper, Jr. from Dial Press for 6th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Aristotle Leads the Way - Student's Quest Guide by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 8th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.50 (2 in stock)
	Aristotle Leads the Way: Teacher's Quest Guide for Story of Science Book 1 by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 4th-10th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $30.00 (2 in stock)
	Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin Dover Thrift Editions by Benjamin Franklin from Dover Publications for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 $2.50 (1 in stock)
	Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin World's Greatest Literature by Benjamin Franklin from Spencer Press for 9th-Adult in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Benjamin Franklin: The Autobiography and Other Writings Signet Classics by Benjamin Franklin Reprint from Signet Classics Autobiography for 9th-Adult in 18th Century Literature (Location: LIT5-18) $5.95
	Blockhead: The Life of Fibonacci by Romola Anderson, R. C. Anderson 1^st edition from Henry Holt and Company for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $19.99
	Carry On, Mr. Bowditch by Jean Lee Latham from Houghton Mifflin Biography for 5th-9th grade 1956 Newbery Medal winner in Historical Fiction (Location: FIC-HIF) $9.99
	Carver: A Life in Poems by Marilyn Nelson from Boyds Mill Press for 7th-11th grade 2002 Newbery Honor Book, Coretta Scott King Honor Award in Biographies (Location: BIO) $16.95
	Chord of Steel The Story of the Invention of the Telephone by Thomas B. Costain from Doubleday & Company for 8th-Adult in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Combat Nurses of World War II Landmark #116 by Wyatt Blassingame from Purple House Press for 5th-9th grade in World War II (1939-1945) (Location: HISA-20WW2) $13.99
	David Livingstone Man of Prayer and Action by C. Silvester Horne from Christian Liberty Press Biography for 7th-10th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $11.75
	Discovery Great Moments in the Lives of Outstanding Naturalists by John K. Terres First Ediition from J.B. Lippincott Co. for 9th-Adult in Biography Anthologies (Location: BIO-ANTH) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Dr. Oma The Healing Wisdom of Countess Juliana von Stolberg Chosen Daughters by Ethel Herr from P&R Publishing for 6th-10th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $17.99
	Encyclopedia of Science and Technology by James Trefil from Routledge for 7th-Adult in Science Reference (Location: SCIREF) $4.50 (1 in stock)
	Exploring the History of Medicine From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $15.19 $9.50 (3 in stock)
	Exploring the History of Medicine - Set From the Ancient Physicians of Pharaoh to Genetic Engineering Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner for 5th-12th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $28.85
	Exploring the World of Mathematics From Ancient Record Keeping to the Latest Advances in Computers Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 6th-10th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $15.19 $9.50 (2 in stock)
	Exploring the World of Mathematics - Set Exploring Series by John Hudson Tiner in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $28.85
	Exploring the World of Mathematics - Supplemental Questions by Cooper Boldrick 2^nd edition from Memoria Press for 6th-10th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $6.00 $3.50 (1 in stock)
	Exploring the World of Mathematics - Teacher Key & Tests by Cooper Boldrick 2^nd edition from Memoria Press for 6th-10th grade in Memoria Press Science (Location: SCICUR-MP) $8.95 $5.00 (1 in stock)
	Five Equations that Changed the World The Power and Poetry of Mathematics by Michael Guillen from Hyperion Press for 9th-Adult in Math Reference & Teaching Aids (Location: MATR-TA) $4.00 (1 in stock)
	Florence Nightingale by Laura E. Richards from Yesterday's Classics Biography for 6th-9th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $10.95
	Genius by Marfe Ferguson Delano from National Geographic for 5th-9th grade 2006 NCTE Orbis Pictus Honor Book in Biographies (Location: BIO) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Gifted Hands by M.D. Ben Carson Reprinted from Zondervan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $18.99 $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Great Inventions Geniuses and Gizmos: Innovation in Our Time from Time Inc. for 7th-10th grade in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Great Physicists from Galileo to Einstein by George Gamow from Dover Publications Biography for 9th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $16.95
	Great Scientists in Bite-Sized Chunks by Nicola Chalton and Meredith MacArdle from MJF Books for 6th-Adult in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $9.00 (1 in stock)
	Icons of Invention: American Patent Models from Smithsonian Books for 7th-Adult in Inventions & Discoveries (Location: SCI-INV) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	John James Audubon: Painting America's Wildlife by Janet Stevenson, illustrated by Robert Boehmer from Encyclopedia Britannica for 7th-10th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $12.00 (1 in stock)
	Man Who Changed How Boys and Toys Were Made The Life and Times of A. C. Gilbert, the Man Who Saved Christmas by Bruce Watson from Penguin Books for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $7.00 (1 in stock)
	Medical Corps Heroes of World War II Landmark #120 by Wyatt Blassingame 2022 Reprint from Purple House Press for 5th-9th grade in World War II (1939-1945) (Location: HISA-20WW2) $15.99
	Medicine and Society in America Perspectives on History Series by Jennifer Hanson, editor from History Compass Non-fiction for 6th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $3.00 (1 in stock)
	Miracle in the Hills by Mary T. Martin Sloop with Legette Blythe from McGraw-Hill for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $10.00 $7.00 (1 in stock)
	My First Summer in the Sierra by John Muir from Gibbs M. Smith for 9th-Adult in 19th Century Literature (Location: LIT6-19) $16.95
	On Call Jaffray Collection of Missionary Portraits by David C. Thompson, MD from Christian Publications, Inc. Biography for 8th-10th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	One Giant Leap Iconic and Inspiring Space Race Inventions that Shaped History by Charles Pappas from Lyons Press for 9th-Adult in Space Race & Exploration (Location: HISA-20SPR) $13.00 (1 in stock)
	Pasteur and the Invisible Giants by Edward F. Dolan, Jr. from Dodd, Mead & Co. for 8th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	People, Places, Things, Ideas - 4 Volume Set from Hawthorn Books, Inc. for 9th-Adult in Vintage Nonfiction (Location: VIN-NFIC) $32.00 (1 in stock)
	Piece of the Mountain Story of Blaise Pascal by Joyce McPherson from Greenleaf Press Biography for 5th-9th grade in Biographies (Location: BIO) $8.00 (3 in stock)
	PLP: Concepts of Mathematics & Physics - Package from Master Books for 7th-9th grade
	PLP: Concepts of Medicine & Biology - Package by John Hudson Tiner from Master Books for 7th-9th grade in Master Books Science (Location: SCICUR-MB)
	Railroad Inventions That Shaped the World by John Matthews from Franklin Watts for 4th-9th grade in Transcontinental Railroad (Location: HISA-19TRR) $6.50 (1 in stock)
	Runner of the Mountain Tops The Life of Louis Agassiz by Mabel Louise Robinson, illustrated by Lynd Ward 1st Printing from Random House for 7th-10th grade 1940 Newbery Honor Book in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC) $10.00 (1 in stock)
	Story of Science - Set by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 7th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS)
	Story of Science Book 1 Aristotle Leads the Way by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $24.95 $16.00 (1 in stock)
	Story of Science Book 2 Newton at the Center by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $27.95 $17.50 (2 in stock)
	Story of Science Book 3 Einstein Adds a New Dimension by Joy Hakim from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $27.95 $17.50 (2 in stock)
	Student's Quest Guide for Joy Hakim's The Story of Science: Newton at the Center by Johns Hopkins University Student from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Teacher's Quest Guide for Joy Hakim's The Story of Science: Newton at the Center by Johns Hopkins University Spi Tch from Smithsonian Books for 7th-9th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $30.00 (3 in stock)
	Trailblazer of American Science The Life of Joseph Henry by Sarah R. Riedman Printing 'B' from Rand McNally for 7th-12th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Twelve Seconds to the Moon A Story of the Wright Brothers by Rosamond Young & Catharine Fitzgerald 2^nd edition from Air Force Museum Foundation, Inc. for 7th-Adult in Aviation History (Location: HISV-AVIA) $8.00 (1 in stock)
	Walter Reed: Vanquishing Yellow Fever by Edward F. Dolan, illustrated by Dan Siculan from Encyclopedia Britannica for 6th-10th grade in Vintage History & Biographies (Location: VIN-HIS) $10.00 (1 in stock)
	Way Things Work Now by David Macaulay & Neil Ardley 3^rd edition from Houghton Mifflin for 4th-10th grade in How Things Work (Location: SCIREF-HOW) $35.00
	Women in Science 50 Fearless Pioneers Who Changed the World by Rachel Ignotofsky from Ten Speed Press for 4th-12th grade in History of Science & Mathematics (Location: SCI-HIS) $6.00 (1 in stock)
	Wright Brothers by David McCullough Reprint from Simon & Schuster Macmillan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $17.00
	Wright Brothers by David McCullough First American Condition from Simon & Schuster Macmillan for 9th-Adult in Biographies (Location: BIO) $15.00 (2 in stock)

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