Renaissance & Reformation Literature

There have been few cultural movements as mutually sustaining and as diametrically opposed as the Renaissance and the Reformation. Coming on the heels of the Medieval era, both constituted responses to the supremacy of the Church—the first to the Church's appeals to tradition over reason, the second to the Church's insistence on its own authority over that of Scripture. The Renaissance and the Reformation both needed each other, but found little ground for cooperation or agreement.

When we speak of the Church in this context we're speaking not of the universal Church that constitutes Christ's body, but of the Roman Catholic Church headquartered in Rome and for several centuries the broker of spiritual authority everywhere the Gospel had been preached. Philosophy took a sharp turn after Aquinas, and instead of simply accepting Church dogma as the starting place for all intellectual inquiry, thinkers adopted a more anthropocentric (man-centered) attitude.

Eventually this would look like Descartes positing himself as the chief referent for all perceived reality (and thereby laying the foundation for philosophical solipsism and existentialism), but for the Renaissance thinkers it meant rooting their ideas in the works of Classical authors like Aristotle and Plato, and using inquiry as the basis for intellectual progress. Many of them still professed allegiance to Christianity (many for political reasons), but their true allegiances lay elsewhere. Wisdom was no longer the basis for philosophy; Truth was, and since the Church couldn't necessarily be trusted as the source of truth, man would have to construct his own using only his mental capacities.

These attitudes would become much more realized during the Enlightenment, but everything Rousseau and his ilk thought up had been established by their Renaissance forebears. The appeals to reason didn't have entirely negative effects, however. Men of God began investigating the Scriptures for themselves (formerly the sole province of certain Church theologians), and realized the true authority for Christian belief and practice was Christ as mediated through His Word, not the papacy or Church hierarchy (which, moreover, had as much clout in the temporal realm as the spiritual).

In a series of acts that may have been taken from any dramatic novel, Martin Luther laid the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation. Not least of his efforts was to interpret Scripture by the rubric of salvation by faith alone, thus controverting the Church's claims as the locus of salvific work. Luther (a bona fide genius) was soon followed by others (also bona fide geniuses mostly), and the beginnings of the separation of Church and State were formed in the sense that there was a move away from State-sponsored churches toward independent institutions of worship and discipleship.

A state of conflict this extreme historically either kills literary output for a time, or fans the flames of creativity to conflagration status. The Renaissance and Reformation had the latter effect, and soon Europe was burning with some of the greatest works the world has ever seen. Writers were still concerned with imparting ideas (perhaps more than ever), but they were also more directly concerned with the construction of the language and the musicality of words.

Who were these craftsmen, you may ask? William Shakespeare. Edmund Spenser. Desiderius Erasmus. Christopher Marlowe. Get the picture? Even Martin Luther and John Calvin penned works of enduring literary and theological significance. It was a time of change, of adherence to excellence, of great intellectual fervor and activity. It was the age of Galileo and da Vinci and Michelangelo. It was a glorious age in Europe!

Like all ages of men, it didn't last. Yet the twin flames (or spectres, depending on your perspective) of the Renaissance and the Reformation continue to guide thought, literature and religious practice all over the world. Some of the greatest works of all time were written during this (chronologically rather vague) era, and any student of literature and ideas needs to immerse himself in the writings each movement produced if he is to call himself educated, or thinks he understands the current situation. Currently our selection is a bit Shakespeare-heavy, but we're working on that.

Review by C. Hollis Crossman
C. Hollis Crossman used to be a child. Now he's a husband and father who loves church, good food, and weird stuff. He might be a mythical creature, but he's definitely not a centaur. Read more of his reviews here.
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Antony and Cleopatra
Dover Thrift Editions
by William Shakespeare
from Dover Publications
Historical Tragedy for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$4.00
Antony and Cleopatra
Oxford School Shakespeare
by William Shakespeare
from Oxford University
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.95
Antony and Cleopatra
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Simon and Schuster
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Henry IV Part I
by William Shakespeare, edited by Frederic W. Moorman
from D. C. Heath and Company
for 10th-Adult
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
$6.00 (1 in stock)
Henry IV, Part 1
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
Historical Drama for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Henry IV, Part 2
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
Historical Drama for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Henry IV, Part I
Dover Thrift Editions
by William Shakespeare
from Dover Publications
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$3.00
Henry V
Oxford School Shakespeare
by William Shakespeare & Roma Gill, editor
from Oxford University
Historical Drama for 7th-10th grade
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
Henry V
by William Shakespeare
from Dover Publications
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$4.00
Henry V
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Henry VI Part 1
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Henry VI Part 2
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Henry VI Part 3
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Henry VIII
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Julius Caesar
Dover Thrift Editions
by William Shakespeare
from Dover Publications
Historical Tragedy for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$4.00
Julius Caesar
Oxford School Shakespeare
by William Shakespeare & Roma Gill, editor
from Oxford University
Historical Tragedy for 7th-10th grade
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$5.95
Julius Caesar
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Simon and Schuster
for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Julius Caesar
Ignatius Critical Editions
by William Shakespeare, edited by Joseph Pearce
from Ignatius Press
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$4.50 (1 in stock)
Julius Caesar With Reader's Guide - Set
by William Shakespeare, Helene Cunningham
from Amsco School Publications
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$7.50 (1 in stock)
King John
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
King John and Henry VIII
by William Shakespeare
from Bantam Books
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$5.99 $3.00 (2 in stock)
King Lear
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
King Richard III
Cambridge School Shakespeare Series
by William Shakespeare
from Cambridge University
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$8.00 (1 in stock)
King Richard III
Cambridge School Shakespeare Series
by William Shakespeare
from Cambridge University
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$13.00
Love's Labor's Lost
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
Comedies (drama) for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Richard II
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
from Washington Square Press
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$9.99
Richard II
The Arden Shakespeare (Heath's English Classics)
by William Shakespeare, edited by C.H. Herford
from D. C. Heath and Company
for 10th-Adult
in Vintage Fiction & Literature (Location: VIN-FIC)
$6.00 (1 in stock)
Richard III
Cambridge School Shakespeare Series
by William Shakespeare
from Dover Publications
Historical Drama for 9th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
$4.00
Richard III
Folger Shakespeare Library
by William Shakespeare
Updated from Washington Square Press
for 10th-Adult
in Renaissance & Reformation Literature (Location: LIT3-REN)
Thelma English Shakespeare Book List
by William Shakespeare
for 10th-Adult
in Shakespeare Materials (Location: LIR-SHA)
$47.94